Mismatch Negativity and P50 Sensory Gating in Abstinent Former Cannabis Users
Table 2
Demographic, cognitive, and psychological symptom measures in ex-cannabis users and healthy nonuser controls for MMN and P50 analyses.
Ex-cannabis users
MMN controls
P50 controls
()
()
()
Age (years)
39.1 [20.8–56.0]
40.4 [21.0–52.6]
31.2 [20.1–52.6]
Gender (male/female)
10 M/8 F
10 M/8 F
9 M/9 F
Handedness
All right-handed
Two left-handed
All right-handed
Education (years)
12.0 [10.0–16.0]
14.3 [11.5–20.0]
14.5 [11.5–20.0]
IQ
105.0 [89.0–126.0]
115.5 [89.0–133.0]
115.0 [89.0–133.0]
RAVLT trials I to V
54.00 [34.0–68.0]
54.5 [29.0–69.0]
56.50 [29.0–70.0]
RAVLT trial VI
11.5 [5.0–15.0]
12.0 [4.0–15.0]
12.0 [4.0–15.0]
RAVLT trial VII
11.5 [0.0–15.0]
11.0 [3.0–15.0]
11.0 [3.0–15.0]
Alcohol frequency
3.5 [0.0–30.0]
1.0 [0.0–12.0]
1.4 [0.0–12.0]
Alcohol quantity
16.8 [0.0–180.0]
5.1 [0.0–28.0]
6.3 [0.0–70.0]
Cigarettes (per day)
3.8 [0.0–35.0]
0.0 [0.0–12.0]
0.0 [0.0–11.0]
Psychological symptoms
K10
15.0 [12.0–31.0]
14.0 [10.0–19.0]
14.0 [10.0–22.0]
BDI
6.5 [0.0–18.0]
3.0 [0.0–19.0]
3.0 [0.0–19.0]
STAI-I
31.0 [20.0–67.0]
32.0 [20.0–45.0]
27.5 [20.0–45.0]
STAI-II
39.0 [21.0–62.0]
36.0 [22.0–50.0]
32.5 [20.0–45.0]
CAPE
Frequency total
58.0 [46.0–76.0]
60.0 [46.0–89.0]
59.0 [47.0–89.0]
Distress total
20.0 [4.0–51.0]
25.5 [6.0–95.0]
22.0 [5.0–50.0]
Negative frequency
21.5 [16.0–35.0]
21.5 [12.0–31.0]
21.0 [15.0–31.0]
Negative distress
11.0 [2.0–30.0]
10.5 [2.0–41.0]
9.0 [2.0–22.0]
Positive frequency
23.5 [20.0–31.0]
25.0 [21.0–44.0]
26.0 [20.0–44.0]
Positive distress
5.5 [0.0–20.0]
6.0 [1.0–29.0]
6.0 [0.0–18.0]
Depressive frequency
12.5 [9.0–16.0]
13.0 [9.0–21.0]
12.0 [9.0–21.0]
Depressive distress
6.0 [2.0–15.0]
8.0 [2.0–25.0]
7.0 [1.0–21.0]
SPQ
Total
18.0 [9.0–32.0]
14.0 [5.0–32.0]
12.0 [2.0–39.0]
Ideas of reference
1.0 [0.0–6.0]
1.0 [0.0–4.0]
1.0 [0.0–5.0]
Social anxiety
3.0 [0.0–15.0]
2.0 [0.0–6.0]
1.0 [0.0–6.0]
Odd beliefs
1.0 [0.0–5.0]
0.0 [0.0–5.0]
0.0 [0.0–7.0]
Unusual perceptual
1.0 [0.0–3.0]
1.0 [0.0–2.0]
1.0 [0.0–4.0]
Odd behaviour
2.0 [0.0–5.0]
0.0 [0.0–6.0]
0.0 [0.0–6.0]
Close friends
2.0 [0.0–8.0]
1.0 [0.0–3.0]
1.0 [0.0–4.0]
Odd speech
4.0 [0.0–7.0]
4.0 [1.0–8.0]
3.0 [0.0–8.0]
Constricted affect
1.0 [0.0–5.0]
1.0 [0.0–2.0]
1.0 [0.0–4.0]
Suspiciousness
1.0 [0.0–5.0]
1.0 [0.0–3.0]
1.0 [0.0–3.0]
Notes. Comparisons between ex-cannabis users and respective nonuser controls for each paradigm (MMN or P50); , , . Data reported as median [range]. Alcohol frequency measured as number of days per month alcohol was consumed. Alcohol quantity measured as number of standard drinks consumed per month. RAVLT: Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test; K10: Kessler Psychological Distress Scale; BDI: Beck Depression Inventory; STAI-I: State Anxiety Index State score; STAI-II: State Anxiety Index Trait score; CAPE: Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences; SPQ: Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire.
