Circuits in the Ventral Medulla That Phase-Lock Motoneurons for Coordinated Sniffing and Whisking

Figure 1

Cooccurrence of sniffing and whisking in rodents. (a) Sniff and whisk cycles are coordinated with nose and head movements (adapted from Welker [1]). (b) The motion of vibrissa D2 was monitored by high-speed videography (250 frames per second), and sniffing was recorded by means of a thermocouple implanted in the nasal cavity. In all figures inspiration and vibrissa protraction are up.

(a)

(b)