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# | Stress | Paradigms | Animals | PFC | Proteins | References |
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1 | CRS | 6 h/day for 21 days | Male SD rats | ↓ apical dendrite of layers II and III mPFC | | [76] |
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2 | CRS | 3 h/day for 21 days | Male SD rats | Apical dendrite atrophy ↔ basal dendrites in PL mPFC | | [89] |
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3 | CRS | 6 h/day for 21 days, 21 day recovery | Male SD rats | ↓ apical dendrite length, reversible after 21 d in mPFC | | [90] |
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4 | CRS | 6 h/day for 21 days | Male SD rats | ↓ 20% apical dendritic length, ↓ spine density in PL mPFC | | [91] |
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5 | CRS | 6 h/day for 21 days, 21-day recovery | Male SD rats | ↓ 20% apical dendritic arbors in mPFC | | [92] |
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6 | CRS | 6 h/day for 21 days | Male SD rats | ↓ mushroom spine density ↑ thin spine number in PL mPFC | | [93] |
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7 | CRS | 1 h/day for 7 days | Male SD rats | ↓ spine density in PL mPFC | | [94] |
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8 | CRS | 6 h/day for 21 days | Male SD rats | ↓ apical spine density in apical dendrites Inhibition of PKC prevents spine loss | | [95] |
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9 | CRS | 6 h/day for 21 days/with 21-day recovery | Male SD rats | ↓ apical dendrite arbors, ↓ spine density; partial recovery of dendrites and spine loss in IL mPFC | | [96] |
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10 | CRS | 3 h/day for 7 days | Male and female SD rats | ↓ apical dendrite arbors in male, ↑ apical dendrite arbors in female, which is estradiol dependent in mPFC | | [97] |
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11 | CRS | 6 h/day for 21 days | Male SD young and aged rats | ↓ apical dendrite arbors in young, but not aged, rats are reversible; ↓ spine density in young, but not aged, rats | | [98] |
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12 | CRS | 6 h/day for 21 days | Male SD rats young, middle-aged, and aged | ↓ spine density (↓ thin and stubby spines, ↔ mushroom spines) in young but not middle-aged and aged rats in PL mPFC | | [99] |
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13 | CRS | 6 h/day for 21 days | Male SD rats | ↑ mRNA levels of VAMP2, VAMP1, syntaxin 1A, synapsin, synaptotagmins I and III, and synapsins I and II ↓ SNAP-25 mRNA level | ↑ protein levels of VAMP2, syntaxin 1A, and SNAP-25 | [100] |
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14 | CRS | 2 h/day for 7 days | Adult male WT mice | ↓ spine density in mPFC; ↓ apical dendrites | ↓ BDNF | [101] |
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15 | CRS | 1 h/day for 21 days | Male GIN mice | ↔ spine density in mPFC | ↑ NCAM, SYN | [102] |
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16 | CRS | 6 h/day for 21 days | Male SD rats | ↓ spine density in PL mPFC | Alpha-2A-adrenoceptor | [103] |
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17 | CRS | 3 h/day for 21 days | Male SD rats PL mPFC | ↓ dendritic retraction is prevented by D1R antagonist SCH23390 that causes dendritic retraction in unstressed rats | | [104] |
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18 | CRS | 2 h/day for 7 days | Male SD rats | ↓ glutamatergic transmission in PFC pyramidal neurons | | [105] |
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19 | CUMS | 15 days or 35 days | Male SD rats | 35% ↓ cell proliferation in neocortex | | [106] |
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20 | CUMS | 3 stressors/day for 21 days | Male Wistar rats | ↓ volume of layer I/II of PL and IL ↓ neuronal density of layer II of PL and IL Apical dendritic atrophy in PL and IL ↔ spine density tends to decrease in PL and IL | | [107] |
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21 | CUMS | 2 stressors/day for 21 days | Male SD rats | ↓ spine density in mPFC; ↓ synapsin I, GluR1, and PSD95 | | [108] |
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22 | CUMS | 1 stressors/day for 21 days | Male SD rats | ↓ synaptic length of the active zone in CG1 mPFC ↓ PSD thickness in PL; ↓ PSD93, ↓ PSD95, ↓ spinophilin in CG1 and PL | ↓ spinophilin and synapsin 1 in CG1 | [52] |
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23 | CIS | 2 h/day for 10 days | Male SD rats | ↔ apical dendrites in IL-BLA projecting neurons in IL mPFC Apical dendritic atrophy in random selected neurons in IL mPFC ↔ spine density in IL mPFC | | [109] |
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24 | Depressed patients | | Postmortem dorsolateral PFC | ↓ synapse number in dorsolateral PFC, ↓ synaptic-function-related genes | GATA1 ↑ Rab4b ↓ | [110] |
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25 | CORT, vehicle | daily injection for 21 days | Male SD rats | ↑ spine density proximal to the soma | | [111] |
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26 | Forced swim | 10 min/day for 3 days | Adult male C57BL/6J mice | ↓ apical dendrites in IL mPFC ↔ basal dendrites in IL mPFC; ↔ apical and basal dendrites in PL mPFC | | [112] |
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27 | Early-life stress | 3 h/day on postnatal days 1–14 | Male Wistar rats | ↓ spine density in apical and basal dendrites in mPFC | GluR1, GluR2, αCaMKII, and PSD95 ↑ | [113] |
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