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# | Stress | Paradigms | Animals | Amygdala | Function | Proteins | References |
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1 | CRS | 6 h/day for 21 days | Wt C57/BL/6 mice | ↓ spine density in WT medium spiny stellate neurons MeA, ↑ spine density in Wt BLA | ↔ spinogenesis in BLA OF tPA−/− mice | tPA−/− mice reverse stress-induced reduction of spine density in MeA | [114] |
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2 | CRS | 6 h/day for 28 days | Male young, Wistar rats | ↔ spine density in MePD | | | [115] |
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3 | CRS | 1 h/day for 10 days | Male ICR mice | ↓ eIPSC, ↑ LTD GABAergic synapse in BLA | MAGL inhibition prevents depression-like behavior | 2-AG ↑, MAGL ↓ | [116, 117] |
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4 | CRS | 2 h/d for 10 days | Male Wt mice | ↑ BLA dendritic branching ↑ spine density in BLA apical and basal dendrites ↑ spine length ↑ anxiety behavior | Fmr1 KO mice fail to show anxiety | In Fmr1 KO mice ↔ spine length in BLA ↓ spine density in BLA | [118] |
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5 | CRS | 1 h/day for 21 days | Male GIN mice | ↔ spine density, ↓ dendritic arborization in interneurons in LA and BLA | | GAD67, synaptophysin and PSA-NCAM ↓ | [119] |
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6 | CRS | 2 h/day for 10 days | Male ICR mice | ↑ dendritic length and branch points in BLA, which are blocked by tianeptine | Depression-like behaviors are blocked by tianeptine | Tianeptine is an antidepressant | [120] |
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7 | CRS | 1 h/day for 14 days | Male SD rats | Impaired LTP in the NAc 30 days after stress termination | CB1/2R agonist prevents the stress-impaired LTP | ↓ GRs in amygdala and NAc | [121] |
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8 | CRS | 20 min/day 7 out of 9 days | Male SD rats | ↑ dendritic length in BLA, ↑ spine density in LA and BA, but proximal increase in LA, nonproximal increases in BA | ↑ frequency of sEPSC in vivo | | [122, 123] |
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9 | CRS | 6 h/day for 21 days | C57/Bl6 mice | ↑ dendritic arborization ↑ spine density in BLA ↑ anxiety-like behaviors | CRS-induced changes in structure and behaviors are abolished in FAAH KO mice | | [124] |
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10 | Acute restraint stress CRS | Single 1 h |
Male young adult | ↓ Spine density in the posterodorsal MePD | | |
[115] |
Single 6 h 6 h/day for 28 days | ↔ spine density in MePD |
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11 | CIS CUMS | 2 h/d for 10 days 10 days | Male Wistar rats | ↑ dendritic arborization in BLA pyramidal and stellate neurons Dendritic atrophy in BLA bipolar neurons | | | [50] |
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12 | CIS | 2 h/d for 10 days | Male Wistar rats | ↔ dendrites in CeA ↑ dendrites in BNST | | | [125] |
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13 | CIS | 2 h/d for 10 days | Male Wistar rats | ↑ dendritic length in BLA | | | [126] |
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14 | CIS | 2 h/d for 10 days | Male Wistar rats | ↑ spine density in the BLA | | | [127] |
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15 | CIS | 2 h/d for 21 days | Male Wistar rats | ↑ dendritic arborization BLA, ↑ spine density ↑ synaptic connectivity | ↑ anxiety-like behavior | | [128] |
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16 | CIS | 2 h/day for 10 days | Male Wistar rats | ↑ spine density in BLA LTP ↑ (thalamic-LA) | sIPSC frequency ↓ | | [129] |
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17 | AIS | 2 h | Male Wistar rats | ↔ spine density or dendritic arborization 1 d later, ↑ spine density 10 d later in BLA | | | [127] |
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18 | CUMS | 8 weeks | Adult male SD rats | ↑ synaptic length of the active zone in BLA ↑ PSD thickness in BLA | ↑ synaptic proteins are correlated with depression-like behaviors | ↓ PSD93, ↔ PSD95, and ↔ spinophilin ↔ synapsin ↔ synaptophysin | [52] |
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19 | CUMS | 14 days | Male Swiss albino mice | ↑ spine density in BLA ↑ dendritic length in BLA | Associated with depression-like behaviors | | [51] |
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20 | Chronic CORT | 20 days | C57BL/6 mice | ↑ spine density in BLA, recovery to normal level with a washout period | | | [130] |
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21 | CORT drinking water | 50 μg/mL for 14 days | Adult male SD rats | | ↑ GluR1 and synaptophysin in the LA | ↑ IEGs Arc/Arg3.1 and Egr-1 in the LA | [131] |
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22 | Single prolonged stress | 2 h restraint, 20 min forced swimming | Adult male SD rats | ↑ dendritic arborization in BLA ↔ in CeA neurons | | ↑ NPY ↔ CaMKII and MR/GR expression in the BLA | [132] |
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23 | Single elevated platform acute stress | 30 min, single | Male SD rats | ↑ total spine density ↑ mushroom spine density in BLA; ↓ number and the length of branches in BLA | | | [133] |
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24 |
Chronic social instability stress |
1 h/day for 35 days | Adolescent 28-day-old SD rat | ↓ spine density in BLA | | ↑ truncated TrkB, ↓ full-length TrkB and SNAP-25 |
[134] |
Adult, 56-day-old SD rat | ↑ spine density in BLA | | ↑ full-length and truncated TrkB |
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