State and Training Effects of Mindfulness Meditation on Brain Networks Reflect Neuronal Mechanisms of Its Antidepressant Effect

Table 2

Profile of Mood States (POMS), Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) scores before and after meditation training. Group means and standard deviations are listed. Significant group differences are listed as follows: : significant at , : significant at , and : significant at . : before training, 6 out of 13 subjects surpassed the cutoff for depression. (+): positive mood state factor, (−): negative mood state factor.

Questionnaire	Before training	After training
POMS
Anger (−)	2.84 (±3.78)	3.30 (±6.07)
Fatigue (−)	4.84 (±2.67)	3.69 (±4.57)
Vigor (+)	11.92 (±5.31)	12.30 (±5.36)
Friendliness (+)	18.92 (±2.98)	19.46 (±4.27)
Tension (−)	8.00 (±3.36)	5.38 (±5.18)
Depression (−)	3.76 (±3.94)	4.53 (±8.04)
CES-D	16.23 (±9.54)	9 (±6.20)
STAI, state	17.84 (±4.75)	14.38 (±10.16)
STAI, trait	21.30 (±8.6)	16.84 (±9.56)