Premotor and Posterior Parietal Cortex Activity is Increased for Slow, as well as Fast Walking Poststroke: An fNIRS Study

Table 2

Linear mixed-effects models results.

ROI	Predictors	Estimates	Confidence interval	p	ICC	Nsubj	Observations	Marginal R^2/conditional R^2
(a). Aim 1: laterality index ∼ condition + (1|participant)
PFC	(Intercept)	0.057449	−0.167247–0.282145	0.610	0.74	20	60	0.011/0.739
	Condition (FAST)	−0.114453	−0.277834–0.0489273	0.166
	Condition (SLOW)	−0.004908	−0.168288–0.158473	0.952
PMC	(Intercept)	0.053142	−0.191337–0.297621	0.665	0.73	20	60	0.020/0.737
	Condition (FAST)	−0.149032	−0.328234–0.030171	0.101
	Condition (SLOW)	0.027203	−0.152000–0.206405	0.762
SMC	(Intercept)	0.164832	−0.115489–0.445153	0.243	0.72	18	54	0.001/0.720
	Condition (FAST)	−0.054382	−0.264360–0.155596	0.605
	Condition (SLOW)	−0.022304	−0.232282–0.187674	0.832
PPC	(Intercept)	−0.002626	−0.231353–0.226100	0.982	0.51	19	57	0.003/0.516
	Condition (FAST)	−0.007294	−0.232649–0.218060	0.948
	Condition (SLOW)	0.049297	−0.176058–0.274652	0.663
(b). Aim 2: HbO ∼ condition + Hemisphere + (1|participant) and HbO ∼ condition + (1|participant)
PFC	(Intercept)	0.091497	−0.006430–0.189424	0.067	0.34	20	801	0.011/0.345
	Condition (FAST)	0.033987	−0.014290–0.082264	0.167
	Condition (SLOW)	0.000406	−0.047871–0.048683	0.987
	Hemisphere (ipsi)	0.067867	0.027958–0.107776	0.001
PMC	(Intercept)	0.048776	−0.059401–0.156953	0.376	0.38	20	636	0.007/0.383
	Condition (FAST)	0.069844	0.013942–0.125746	0.014
	Condition (SLOW)	0.060211	0.004309–0.116113	0.035
SMC	Intercept)	0.089338	−0.018620–0.197295	0.105	0.37	20	441	0.003/0.375
	Condition (FAST)	0.044168	−0.021419–0.109755	0.186
	Condition (SLOW)	0.004477	−0.061110–0.070063	0.893
PPC	(Intercept)	0.001145	−0.111003–0.113293	0.984	0.32	19	471	0.016/0.332
	Condition (FAST)	0.119288	0.048082–0.190495	0.001
	Condition (SLOW)	0.077668	0.006462–0.148875	0.033

Note: Predictors indicate the fixed effects levels within the variables in the model. Reference level was the NORM condition and the contralesional hemisphere, when applicable. Estimates indicate the difference between the reference level and the predictor level. Italic p-values indicate a significant difference at alpha of 0.05. Indicates significant differences with (0.05/4: Bonferroni correction for four models). PFC = prefrontal cortex; PMC = premotor cortex; SMC = sensorimotor cortex; PPC = posterior parietal cortex; ipsi = ipsilesional hemisphere.