Chronic Ultrasound Prenatal Stress Altered the Brain’s Neurochemical Systems in Newborn Rats

Figure 3

Concentration of BDNF and some neuropeptides in the newborn rat’s whole brain altered after exposure to ultrasound prenatal stress (n = 40 : 10 control males, 10 control females, 10 PS males, 10 PS females): (a) BDNF concentration in the whole brain; (b) α-MSH concentration in the whole brain; (c) β-endorphin concentration in the whole brain; (d) neurotensine concentration in the whole brain; (e) oxytocin concentration in the whole brain; (f) substance P concentration in the whole brain. Data are expressed as med (Q1; Q3) in boxplots; red triangles—outliers; colored dots—single data points (red—females, blue—males); red boxes—data on females; blue boxes—data on males; control, control group; PS, prenatal stress group; α-MSH, α-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone.

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