The Alterations in the Brain Corresponding to Low Back Pain: Recent Insights and Advances

Table 3

Studies related to regional activation alterations of grey matters in back pain patients.

Subjects	Assessed indices	Main findings	Reference
20 CBP patients	BOLD activity in intrinsic functional networks	Cortical network activity for the salience network and a local pontine network ↑, network activity in the anterior and posterior default mode network ↓	[30]
24 CBP patients	BOLD activity activation in ROI	Activity in the medial prefrontal cortex ↑	[31]
36 CLBP patients	BOLD activity in cingulo-frontal-parietal cognitive/attention network	Activation in the CFP network ↓, the dlPFC and the dorsal ACC ↓, bilateral SPC in attention-demanding task ↓	[32]
21 patients with CLBP 4 men, 17 women	BOLD activity in brain regions	Activation at the NAc in the CLBP group ↓	[33]
148 CBP patient	Beck depression scores of patients	Depression scores decrease after surgery	[34]
65 CLBP patients	Beck Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory and Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia scores	No association was found between the groups and anxiety and depression	[35]

BOLD: blood oxygenation level dependent; CFP, cingulo-frontal-parietal; dlPFC, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; NAc, nucleus accumbens; SPC, superior parietal cortices.