Evidence for the Role of B Cells and Immunoglobulins in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis

Figure 1

The in vitro effects of 1,25(OH)₂D on the immune system. The effects of 1,25(OH)₂D either directly or indirectly are depicted by arrows. While a green arrow represents positive influence, a red arrow represents the negative influence. The negative influence on inflammation indicates dampening of the inflammatory response. DC: dendritic cell, Th1: T helper type 1 lymphocyte, Th2: T helper type 2 lymphocyte, Tr: regulatory T lymphocyte [17].