|
| (1) White matter | |
| (a) Periventricular leukomalacia of the telencephalic white matter | |
| (i) Periventricular focal necrosis in different stages (acute, organizing, and macro- and/or microcysts) | |
| (ii) Gliosis and microglial activation in the surrounding white matter | |
| (iii) Early loss of pre-OLs | |
| (iv) Expression of markers of oxidative and nitrative stress by pre-OLs | |
| (v) Possible maturation arrest of OLs | |
| (vi) Impaired myelin formation | |
| (vii) Upregulation of cytokines in macrophages, activated microglia, and reactive astrocytes | |
| (b) Widespread axonal damage within and distant from the necrotic foci | |
| (c) Deficit of neurons within necrotic foci, surrounding white matter distant from the necrotic foci, and subplate region | |
| (d) Postmitotic migrating neurons as possible reparative event | |
| (e) Gliosis of the cerebellar white matter | |
| (2) Gray matter | |
| (a) Neuronal loss and/or gliosis of the cerebral cortex, thalamus, globus pallidus, hippocampus, cerebellum, and brainstem in different combinations and to different degrees, with preferential involvement of thalamus and basal ganglia | |
| (3) Hemorrhages | |
| (a) Subpial | |
| (b) Subarachnoid | |
| (c) Germinal matrix (with suppression of cell proliferation) | |
| (d) Cerebellum | |
| (4) Infarcts | |
| (a) Microinfarcts of the thalamus | |
| (b) Focal infarcts of the cerebral cortex | |
|
