Cerebral Vasospasm Pharmacological Treatment: An Update

Table 4

Summary of clinical data regarding fasudil in the management of cerebral vasospasm.

Authors/year of publication	Type of study	Number of patients	Results
Iwabuchi et al. (2011) [97]	Retrospective study	90 cases; one placebo group and a fasudil group	Fasudil improved angiographic and clinical vasospasm.
Zhao et al. (2011) [98]	Randomized, open trial	63 patients received fasudil and 66 received nimodipine	The clinical outcomes were more favourable in the fasudil group than in the nimodipine group (𝑃=0.040). The proportion of patients with a good clinical outcome was 74.5% (41/55) in the fasudil group and 61.7% (37/60) in the nimodipine group
Nakamura et al. (2013) [99]	Prospective study	A total of 31 patients. 10 patients received nonselective intra-arterial infusion, while 10 others selective. Eleven patients were in the placebo group.	By univariate linear regression analysis, intra-arterial infusion score negatively correlated with CT score (P = 0.016), but was significantly correlated with GOS (P = 0.035).
Liu et al. (2012) [100]	Review study	8 studies—843 patients	The incidence rate of symptomatic and angiographically proven vasospasm in the fasudil group was only 48% of that of the placebo group.
Enomoto et al. (2010) [101]	Retrospective analysis	23 patients undergoing intra-arterial infusion of fasudil hydrochloride in 49 vessels	Intra-arterial fasudil infusion was effective for treating cerebral vasospasm. Infusion at a constant rate of 3 mg/min delivered by infusion pump improved the symptoms of cerebral vasospasm.