Neurology Research International

Review Article

[Retracted] Peripheral Cytokines as a Chemical Mediator for Postconcussion Like Sickness Behaviour in Trauma and Perioperative Patients: Literature Review

Table 1

The literature overview that studied cytokines release in condition other than TBI, infections, cardiac conditions, HIV, strokes, cerebrovascular conditions, cancers, immunotherapy, MS, or any condition in which the neurocognitive dysfunction is expected.
Reference Systemic conditionCytokines/inflammatory markersPCS symptoms
Lenz et al. 2007 [22]Polytrauma, IL-6Cognitive impairment
Hergenroeder et al. 2010 [23]Orthopedic trauma, polytraumaIL-6Cognitive impairment
Hensler et al. 2002 [24]PolytraumaIL-6Systemic inflammatory response syndrome
Li et al. 2012 [17]Fracture surgery, postoperative hip replacementIL-6, S-100 BCognitive impairment and delirium
van Munster et al. 2010 [18]Fracture surgeryIL-6, S-100 BCognitive impairment and delirium
Dowlati et al. 2010 [28]Meta-analysis, polytrauma TNF- and IL-6Depression
Wright et al. 2005 [29]PolytraumaIL-6, TNF- ,and IL-1Changes in mood, impaired learning and memory
Wilson et al. 2002 [12]Physical stress IL-6Physical or psychological stress
Autopsy specimenIL-1, IL-6, or TNF-aMild to moderate late-onset AD
Bastian et al. 2008 [30]Trauma IL-1 , IL-6, TNF- , and IFN- Systemic inflammatory response syndrome
Harrison et al. 2009 Trauma IL-6, IL-1, and TNFChanges in mood, impaired learning and memory
Haas 1996 [21]Professional amateur sports athletesIL-6, IL-1, TNFPCS like symptoms and long-term depressive like behaviour
Kumbhare et al. 2009 [15]Lumbar decompression surgeryIL-6Cognitive impairment, systemic inflammatory response syndrome
Haensel et al. 2009 [31]Obstructive sleep apneaIL-6, TNF, TNF-R1Cognitive functioning, mood, and sleep
Heffner et al. 2012 [32]Acute stressIL-6Cognitive tests, sleep quality, depressive symptoms, perceived
stress, and loneliness
Tsaoussoglou et al. 2010 [33]Excessive daytime sleepiness, inflammation, and metabolic abnormalities.(IL-6, TNF-alpha, CRP)Sleep disruption, fatigability
van de Vyver and
Myburgh 2012 [34]		 BiopsyIL-1, IL-6, IL-10, CK, TNF, LDH,Systemic inflammatory response syndrome, cognitive impairment
Smith 2000 [35] Overtraining syndrome (OTS) IL-1-beta and/or IL-6 and/or TNF-alphaSystemic inflammatory response syndrome
Perl et al. 2003 [14]Blunt trauma IL-6, IL-8Systemic inflammatory response syndrome
Flohé et al. 2007 [36]Soft tissue trauma, hip surgeryHeat shock protein, TNF-alpha Systemic inflammatory response syndrome
Barr et al. 2004 [37]Work-related musculoskeletal disordersIL-1, CTGF Decreased locomotor function
Strecker et al. 2003 [38]Blunt chest trauma IL-8, IL-6, and CKSystemic inflammatory response syndrome