Attitudes toward Genetic Testing for Hypertension among African American Women and Girls

Table 5

One-way MANOVA—subscales measuring attitudes toward genetic testing by educational level of participants.

Educational level	Subscales
	Benefits		Awareness		Outcomes
	M	SD	M	SD	M	SD
Less than high school	1.60	0.53	1.84a,b,c,d,e	1.04	2.40	0.51
High school/GED	1.61a	0.60	1.21a	0.60	2.18	0.54
Some college	1.35	0.42	1.15b	0.31	2.11	0.49
Associate degree	1.40	0.48	1.18c	0.32	2.00	0.55
Bachelor degree	1.29	0.38	1.17d	0.32	2.10	0.61
Graduate degree	1.15a	0.24	1.07e	0.24	2.25	0.63

MANOVA 𝐹 ratio: 𝐹[15,425.53]=3.01, 𝑃=0.001, 𝑑=0.09 (based on Wilk’s lambda).
Between subjects: benefits: 𝐹[5,156]=3.66, 𝑃=0.004, 𝑑=0.11.
Awareness 𝐹[5,156]=5.86, 𝑃<0.001, 𝑑=0.16.
Outcomes 𝐹[5,156]=1.12, 𝑃=0.353, 𝑑=0.04.
Note: Lower scores indicate more positive perceptions of attitudes toward genetic testing.
Means in a column sharing subscripts are significantly different.
Twenty granddaughters were less than 12 years of age and did not complete the attitudes toward genetic testing survey.