|
| Study | Analysis method | Sample | Findings |
|
|
Zieker et al., 2007 [26]
| Pre-selected stress-immune genes, whole-blood | 16 individuals
(PTSD = 8) | In PTSD, upregulated (4): glutamate transported, IGF-2; downregulated (14): IL-18, IL-16, colony stimulating factor. |
|
| Yehuda et al., 2009 [27] | Whole blood gene expression | 35 individuals exposed to 9/11
(PTSD = 15) | FKBP5, STAT5B, and MHC class II showed reduced expression in individuals with PTSD. |
|
|
Neylan et al., 2011 [28]
| CD14+ monocyte; gene expression | 67 ± trauma-exposed individuals
(PTSD = 34) | In PTSD patients, three monocyte genes were underexpressed in men but not in women. |
|
| Sarapas et al., 2011 [29] | Genome-wide gene expression | 40 individuals exposed to 9/11 (PTSD = 20) | PTSD patients showed a reduction in gene expression of STAT5B and nuclear factor I/A. |
|
|
Mehta et al. 2011 [30] | Whole-blood gene expression and SNP of FKBP5 | 211 low income
(PTSD = 75) | With FKBP5 SNP added to interaction with PTSD, there was a reduction in 32 genes including IL-18 and STAT pathway. |
|
| Pace et al., 2012 [31] | Nuclear factor-B activity in peripheral blood | 36 women
(PTSD = 12) | Increased nuclear factor-B activity was associated with women with PTSD as compared to controls. |
|
| van Zuiden et al., 2012 [32] | GR number; FKBP5, GILZ, and SGK1 mRNA expression | 448 military personnel
(PTSD = 35) | Predeployment high GR number, low FKBP5 mRNA expression, and high GILZ expression predicted PTSD development. |
|
| van Zuiden et al., 2012 [33] | GC sensitivity of leukocytes | 526 military personnel
(PTSD = 46) | Predeployment sensitivity of GCRs on leukocytes predicted development of PTSD. |
|
|
Matić et al., 2013 [34] | GR function and expression using PCR | 347 ± war trauma-exposed individuals
(PTSD = 113) | Lower GR sensitivity in PBMCs and low gene-expression of GR were found in PTSD patients. |
|
