Investigators Index condition Sample Definition of comorbidity Surrogate terms Diseases listed (instrument) Data source Comorbidity used as Afshinnia et al. [19 ] AMI
= 220No definition comorbid diseases, conditions, underlying diseases HTN, DM, HF, sepsis, anemia, cardiorespiratory arrest Patient, family Clinician judgment Medical records Covariate Afzal et al. [34 ] HF
No definition comorbid conditions, risk factors HTN, DM, Hx of MI/stroke Clinician judgment Medical records Covariate Ariyarajah et al. [37 ] Stroke
No definition common medical comorbidities risk factors Hx of stroke, Afib CAD, MS, MR, dilated, restrictive, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, hyperlipidemia, DM, hyper/hypothyroid, COPD, HF, MI Medical records Covariate Castillo et al. [38 ] Stroke
No definition comorbid depression Depression Clinical judgment using DSM-III criteria Predictor interaction term Chin and Goldman [25 ] HF
No definition Hx of HF, MI, HTN, DM (Charlson Comorbidity Index) Medical records Predictor and covariate Freedland et al. [33 ] HF
No definition comorbid medical condition Hx of HF, MI, anemia, arthritis, CAD, CVA, DM, GI disorder, HTN, COPD, sleep apnea, renal disease Hx of 1 or more comorbid medical conditions (Beck Depression Inventory) Clinical judgment using the diagnostic interview schedule Medical records Predictor, covariate, outcome Fulop et al. [26 ] HF
No definition (Geriatric Depression Scale; Duke University severity of illness checklist) Patient Clinician judgment Medical records Covariate Goonewardena et al. [32 ] HF
No definition HTN, DM, COPD, CKD, Afib, depression Unclear Covariate Jiang et al. [31 ] HF
= 1,006No definition concomitant illnesses, clinical characteristics Hx MI, DM Medical records Covariate Kimmelstiel et al. [30 ] HF
No definition HTN, DM Patient Medical records Covariate Kishi et al. [36 ] Stroke
No definition (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale) Patient Clinician judgment using the DSM-III criteria Predictor
Sert Kuniyoshi et al. [20 ] AMI
No definition characteristics HTN, DM, HF hypercholesterolemia Unclear Covariate Lakkireddy et al. [21 ] AMI
No definition characteristics HTN, Hx MI, DM hypercholesterolemia Unclear Predictor covariate Malki et al. [29 ] HF
No definition HTN, DM, Hx MI, stroke Clinician judgment Covariate Marrugat et al. [22 ] AMI
No definition clinical variables CKD, COPD, DM, HTN, PVD Unclear Covariate Mehta et al. [39 ] Stroke
No definition clinical data, other diseases, risk factors HTN, DM, CHD, dyslipidemia Unclear Covariate Moroney et al. [40 ] Stroke
No definition risk factor Angina, MI, HF, and valvular heart disease Patient Family Key informants Medical record Covariate Naylor et al. [28 ] HF
No definition medical conditions, health conditions CAD, HTN, Afib, DM, pulmonary disease Medical record Covariate Quinn [23 ] AMI
No definition disease history clinical variables past medical history Hx of Angina, CAD, HTN, DM, hyperlipidemia, smoking (past/current), previous MI Medical record Covariate Rehan et al. [24 ] AMI
No definition baseline demographics Hx of CAD, HTN, HF, DM Unclear Descriptor Rocha et al. [17 ] AMI
No definition
(Charlson Comorbidity Index for medical comorbidities;SCID and IES-R for PTSD) Patient Medical record Predictor, outcome Romanelli et al. [18 ] AMI
No definition Depression DM, COPD, HTN, hyperlipidemia, CKD, (Beck Depression Index) Patient Clinician judgment using the DSM-III Medical record Predictor, outcome Sakr et al. [27 ] HF
No definition risk factor CAD, CKD, pneumonia, DM, HTN, HF Unclear Covariate Shah et al. [41 ] Stroke
No definition clinical data DM, HTN, hypercholesterolemia, CAD, Afib, Hx of stroke Unclear Covariate Soman et al. [35 ] HF
No definition relevant clinical variables CAD, Hx of MI DM, HTN, lipid abnormalities Clinician judgment Covariate Stead et al. [42 ] Stroke
No definition HTN, DM, Afib, Hx of TIA, and stroke Unclear Descriptor
AMI: acute myocardial infarction, Afib: atrial fibrillation, CAD: coronary artery disease, CHD: chronic heart disease, CKD: chronic kidney disease, COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CVA: cerebral vascular accident, DM: diabetes mellitus, DSM-III: American psychiatric association diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 3rd edition, GI: gastrointestinal, HF: heart failure, HTN: hypertension, Hx: history, IES-R: impact of event scale-revised, MI: myocardial infarction, MS: mitral stenosis, MR: mitral regurgitation, PVD: peripheral vascular disease, SCID: structured clinical interview for DSM disorders, TIA: transient ischemic attack. Diseases listed are in regular font. Instruments used in the study are in bold.