Investigators Index condition Sample Definition of comorbidity Surrogate terms Diseases listed (instrument) Data source Comorbidity used as Afshinnia et al. [19 ] AMI
= 220No definition comorbid diseases, conditions, underlying diseases HTN, DM, HF, sepsis, anemia, cardiorespiratory arrest Patient, family Clinician judgment Covariate Afzal et al. [34 ] HF
No definition comorbid conditions, risk factors HTN, DM, Hx of MI/stroke Clinician judgment Covariate Ariyarajah et al. [37 ] Stroke
No definition common medical comorbidities risk factors Hx of stroke, Afib Medical records Covariate Castillo et al. [38 ] Stroke
No definition comorbid depression Depression Clinical judgment using DSM-III criteria Predictor Chin and Goldman [25 ] HF
No definition Hx of HF, MI, HTN, DM (Charlson Comorbidity Index) Medical records Predictor and covariate Freedland et al. [33 ] HF
No definition comorbid medical condition Hx of HF, MI, anemia, arthritis, CAD, CVA, DM, GI disorder, HTN, COPD, sleep apnea, renal disease (Beck Depression Inventory) Clinical judgment using the diagnostic interview schedule Predictor, covariate, outcome Fulop et al. [26 ] HF
No definition (Geriatric Depression Scale; Duke University severity of illness checklist) Patient Covariate Goonewardena et al. [32 ] HF
No definition HTN, DM, COPD, CKD, Afib, depression Unclear Covariate Jiang et al. [31 ] HF
= 1,006No definition concomitant illnesses, clinical characteristics Hx MI, DM Medical records Covariate Kimmelstiel et al. [30 ] HF
No definition HTN, DM Patient Covariate Kishi et al. [36 ] Stroke
No definition (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale) Patient Predictor
Sert Kuniyoshi et al. [20 ] AMI
No definition characteristics HTN, DM, HF Unclear Covariate Lakkireddy et al. [21 ] AMI
No definition characteristics HTN, Hx MI, DM Unclear Predictor covariate Malki et al. [29 ] HF
No definition HTN, DM, Hx MI, stroke Clinician judgment Covariate Marrugat et al. [22 ] AMI
No definition clinical variables CKD, COPD, DM, HTN, PVD Unclear Covariate Mehta et al. [39 ] Stroke
No definition clinical data, other diseases, risk factors HTN, DM, CHD, dyslipidemia Unclear Covariate Moroney et al. [40 ] Stroke
No definition risk factor Angina, MI, HF, and valvular heart disease Patient Covariate Naylor et al. [28 ] HF
No definition medical conditions, health conditions CAD, HTN, Afib, DM, pulmonary disease Medical record Covariate Quinn [23 ] AMI
No definition disease history clinical variables past medical history Hx of Angina, CAD, HTN, DM, hyperlipidemia, smoking (past/current), previous MI Medical record Covariate Rehan et al. [24 ] AMI
No definition baseline demographics Hx of CAD, HTN, HF, DM Unclear Descriptor Rocha et al. [17 ] AMI
No definition
(Charlson Comorbidity Index for medical comorbidities;SCID and IES-R for PTSD) Patient Predictor, outcome Romanelli et al. [18 ] AMI
No definition Depression (Beck Depression Index) Patient Predictor, Sakr et al. [27 ] HF
No definition risk factor CAD, CKD, pneumonia, DM, HTN, HF Unclear Covariate Shah et al. [41 ] Stroke
No definition clinical data DM, HTN, hypercholesterolemia, CAD, Afib, Hx of stroke Unclear Covariate Soman et al. [35 ] HF
No definition relevant clinical variables CAD, Hx of MI Clinician judgment Covariate Stead et al. [42 ] Stroke
No definition HTN, DM, Afib, Hx of TIA, and stroke Unclear Descriptor
AMI: acute myocardial infarction, Afib: atrial fibrillation, CAD: coronary artery disease, CHD: chronic heart disease, CKD: chronic kidney disease, COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CVA: cerebral vascular accident, DM: diabetes mellitus, DSM-III: American psychiatric association diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 3rd edition, GI: gastrointestinal, HF: heart failure, HTN: hypertension, Hx: history, IES-R: impact of event scale-revised, MI: myocardial infarction, MS: mitral stenosis, MR: mitral regurgitation, PVD: peripheral vascular disease, SCID: structured clinical interview for DSM disorders, TIA: transient ischemic attack. 