Associations between Psychosocial and Physiological Factors and Diabetes Health Indicators in Asian and Pacific Islander Adults with Type 2 Diabetes

Table 1

Patients’ demographic and clinical characteristics used in the SEM models.

Characteristics	N	%
Gender
Female	113	54.6%
Male	94	45.4%
Marital status
Single	26	12.9%
Married	141	69.8%
Separated/divorced/widowed	35	17.3%
Smoking status
Smoker	20	10.0%
Nonsmoker	181	90.0%
Occupational status
Professional, managerial	68	35.1%
Technical, clerical, and sales	34	17.5%
Service	21	10.8%
Other	71	36.6%
Education
Less than 12th grade	19	9.5%
High school graduate	22	11.0%
Some college/associate	65	32.5%
Bachelor’s degree	55	27.5%
Graduate school	39	19.5%
Income
$24,999 or less	31	16.2%
$25,000–$49,999	43	22.5%
$45,000–$69,999	40	20.9%
$70,000 and above	77	40.3%
	Mean	Standard deviation
Age	57.4	10.9
BMI	32.2	7.3
Glycemic control (HbA1c)	8.0	1.6
Depression	10.1	8.9
Diabetes quality of life	73.6	14.2
General health	69.6	20.1
Diet	3.6	1.4
Exercise and foot care	3.2	1.5
Blood glucose and medication	4.7	1.7