Changes in Transformational Leadership and Empirical Quality Outcomes in a Finnish Hospital over a Two-Year Period: A Longitudinal Study

Table 4

Patient satisfaction scores in 2008-2009 and 2010-2011. Scores range from 1 to 5, with 1 being the lowest and 5 being the highest. Differences between the two survey periods were considered significant if 𝑃 < 0.05.

	2008-2009 (𝑛=678), Mean (SD)	2010 (𝑛=867), Mean (SD)	𝑃 value
Professional practice	4.60 (0.56)	4.62 (0.56)	0.023
Information and participation in own care	4.33 (0.68)	4.37 (0.69)
Cognition of physical needs	4.41 (0.83)	4.41 (0.87)
Human resources	3.94 (1.09)	4.06 (1.07)
Pain and apprehension management	4.05 (0.86)	4.05 (0.89)
Interdisciplinary collaboration	4.43 (0.74)	4.50 (0.68)
Patient satisfaction	4.31 (0.62)	4.35 (0.61)