Single-arm trial (); 8 weekly sessions of 90-minute group CBT
Depressive symptoms (BDI-II) improvement after intervention (); improvement in cognitive impairment (DAS24) within 6 months of completion of intervention (); improvement in cognition and behavior in everyday life and with respect to other significant ones (interview data)
Moderate effect on BDI-II (, 95% CI −0.23 to 1.22)
Persons with psychiatric illnesses living in the community (schizophrenia and mood disorder)
1 director (nurse); 1 facilitator (nurse)
Single-arm trial (); 12 biweekly sessions of 120-minute group CBT
No significant changes in self-esteem (RSES) or mood status (POMS) before and after intervention; mental sense of control (WHO-SUBI subscale) and psychiatric symptoms (BPRS) showing improvement before and after intervention ()
Single-arm trial (); 14 weekly sessions of 90-minute individual CBT
Social anxiety symptoms (LSAS, SPS, SIAS, FQ-SP, SFNE) showed improvement during and at the end of intervention (); after intervention, 73% of participants were judged to be treatment responders and 40% met the criteria for remission
Inpatients with major depressive disorder and the related depressive symptoms
1 trainer (psychologist); 1-2 subtrainers (psychologist and nurse)
Single-arm trial (); 5 weekly sessions of 60-minute group CBT (for improving adequate emotional expression and interpersonal skills, inhibition of aggression, and preventing depression)
Depressive symptoms (BDI), social interaction anxiety (SIAS), social skills (SSS), fear of negative evaluation (SFNE), and QOL (WHOQOL-26) all showed improvement after the intervention (). In follow-up, improvement of fear of negative evaluation (SFNE) was maintained; long-term maintenance of other improvements was not observed
Inpatients with major depressive disorder and the related depressive symptoms
1 trainer (psychologist); 1-2 subtrainers (psychologist and nurse)
Single-arm trial (); 5 weekly sessions of 60-minute group CBT (for improving stress coping and depression)
After the intervention, anxiety and depressive symptoms (BDI, SRS-18 sub-items), lethargy (SRS-18 sub-items), and QOL (WHOQOL-26) showed improvement (); additionally, diversification of stress coping strategies (TAC-24) and increased ability to control stress (CARS) were observed (); however, long-term effects were not observed
Patients with residual depression and refractory insomnia
5 doctors; 1 nurse
Randomized controlled trial; intervention group () received usual care + 4 weekly sessions of 40-minute individual CBT; control group () received only usual care
Compared to the control group, the intervention group’s insomnia (ISI) and depressive symptoms (GRID-HAMD) had improved ()
Randomized controlled trial; intervention group () received group occupational therapy + 16 twice-weekly sessions of 120-minute group CBT; control group () received only group occupational therapy
Compared to the control group, the intervention group had improved knowledge of disease self-management, speech skill, and social activity score (REHAB sub-items); there was no significant difference in QOL (WHOQOL-26) between the two groups
Moderate effect on DS score of REHAB (, 95% CI −0.12 to 1.34)
Single-arm trial (); 8 weekly sessions of 60-minute group CBT
After the intervention, 7 patients (39%) showed improvement (BDI reduction rate > 50%); regarding BDI subscale, loss of interest/pleasure and hypochondriac showed significant improvement (), and suppression, depressed mood, self-denial, and physical symptoms, also significantly improved ()
Large effect on BDI (, 95% CI 0.25 to 1.77)
Pre- to posteffect sizes (Cohen’s ) of CBT arm for each study were recalculated using same formula. BDI-II, Beck Depression Inventory-II; BPRS, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale; CARS, Cognitive Appraisal Rating Scale; CBT, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; DAS24, Dysfunctional Attitude Scale-24; FQ-SP, Fear Questionnaire-Social Phobia Subscale; GAD-7, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7; GRID-HAMD, GRID-Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; ISI, Insomnia Severity Index; LSAS, Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale; PHQ-9, Patient Health Questionnaire-9; POMS, Profile of Mood States; REHAB, Rehabilitation Evaluation of Hall and Baker; RSES, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale; SFNE, Short Form Fear Of Negative Evaluation; SIAS, Social Interaction Anxiety Scale; SPS, Social Phobia Scale; SRS-18, Stress Response Scale; SSS, Social Skills Scale; TAC-24, Tri-axial Coping Scale-24; WHO-SUBI, WHO-Subjective Well-Being Inventory; WHOQOL-26, WHO Quality of Life-26.