Research Article
Spousal Presence as a Nonpharmacological Pain Management during Childbirth: A Pilot Study
Table 2
Characteristics of participants.
| Variables | Midwives () | Parturient () | Spouses () |
| Age | | | | 20–24 | 2 | 3 | — | 25–30 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 31–35 | — | 3 | 5 | 35–40 | 4 | — | 3 | 41–45 | 1 | — | 1 | Gender | | | | Male | — | — | 10 | Female | 10 | 10 | — | Educational qualification | | | | Secondary school | — | 5 | 2 | Vocational school | — | 1 | 1 | Vocational nursing school | 1 | — | — | General nursing school | 8 | — | — | University (B.S. or M.S.) | 1 | 4 | 6 | Occupation | | | | Nurse/midwife | 10 | — | — | Accountant | — | — | 1 | Lawyer | — | — | 1 | Driver | — | — | 1 | Sociologist | — | — | 1 | Civil servant | — | — | 2 | Architect | — | — | 1 | Artist | — | — | 1 | Businessman | — | — | 2 | Midwifery professional position | | | | Registered nurse/midwife | 2 | — | — | Nursing officer II | 4 | — | — | Principal nursing officer | 2 | — | — | Matron | 2 | — | — | Midwifery work experience (years) | | | | 1–5 | 4 | — | — | 6–10 | 1 | — | — | 11–15 | 2 | — | — | 16–20 | 3 | — | — | Ethnicity | | | | Igbo | 3 | 4 | 6 | Yoruba | 4 | — | 1 | Hausa | 1 | 2 | 1 | Minority | 2 | 4 | 2 | Religion | | | | Christian | 10 | 4 | 10 | Muslim | — | 2 | — | Traditional religion | — | 4 | — | Marital status | | | | Married | 10 | 9 | 9 | Divorced | — | 1 | 1 |
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