Recent Clinical Characteristics of Labors Using Three Japanese Systems of Midwife-Led Primary Delivery Care

Table 2

Rate of transfers from midwife-led care to obstetric shared care in the 3 groups of the midwife-led primary delivery care systems.

Birth place	Planned home birth	Planned hospital birth
Midwives	Independent midwives	Independent midwives	Midwives belonging to our hospital
Total number	123	88	467
Transfers
Total	38 (31%)	33 (38%)	263 (56%)
Timing of transfers
Before labor	12 (9.8%)	6 (6.8%)	40 (8.6%)
First & second stage of delivery	14 (11%)	12 (14%)	205 (44%)
Third stage of delivery	9 (7.3%)	13 (15%)	15 (3.2%)
Neonate only	3 (2.4%)	2 (2.3%)	3 (0.64%)
Nulliparous women
Total	32	21	313
Transfers	17 (53%)	14 (67%)	219 (70%)
Multiparous women
Total	91	67	154
Transfers	21 (23%)	19 (22%)	44 (27%)

p < 0.05 versus the group managed by midwives belonging to the hospital (hospital midwifery care).