Recent Clinical Characteristics of Labors Using Three Japanese Systems of Midwife-Led Primary Delivery Care

Table 3

Obstetric and neonatal outcomes in the pregnant women initially considered as “low-risk” for receiving our midwife-led primary delivery care systems.

Birth place	Planned home birth	Planned hospital birth
Midwives	Independent midwives	Independent midwives	Midwives belonging to our hospital
Total number	123	88	467
Oxytocin use	16 (13%)	10 (11%)	92 (20%)
Instrumental delivery	3 (2.4%)	3 (3.4%)	23 (4.9%)
Cesarean delivery	2 (1.6%)	2 (2.4%)	6 (1.3%)
Neonatal birth weight
Average (g)	3,165 408	3,102 351	3,131 349
≥3,500 g	23 (19%)	10 (11%)	54 (12%)
Neonatal asphyxia	6 (4.9%)	4 (4.5%)	11 (2.4%)
Maternal blood loss ≥ 1,000 mL	8 (6.5%)	4 (4.5%)	19 (4.1%)