http://www.hindawi.comThe latest articles from Hindawi Publishing Corporation© 2012, Hindawi Publishing Corporation. All rights reserved.http://www.hindawi.com/journals/oci/2012/482952/Concise and accessible approaches to pyrrolidine-2-ones were studied. The synthesis involves the conversion of erythruronolactone to pyrrolidine-2-ones in good yields.Chahrazed BenhaouaCopyright © 2012 Chahrazed Benhaoua. All rights reserved.http://www.hindawi.com/journals/oci/2011/389615/The discovery of the antioxidant activity of selenoenzyme glutathione peroxidase (GPx) has attracted growing attention in the biochemistry of selenium. Among molecules which mimic the structure of the active site of the enzyme, N-phenyl-1,2-benzisoselenazolin-3-one 1, Ebselen, exhibited useful anti-inflammatory properties. It has been extensively investigated and has undergone clinical trials as an anti-inflammatory agent. Unfortunately, Ebselen exhibits relatively poor catalytic activity, prompting attempts to design more efficacious GPx mimetics that would retain his low toxicity while manifesting improved catalytic properties. In this context, novel 1,2-benzoselenazine and 1,2-benzoselenazols, which are five and six membered homologues of Ebselen were synthesized and characterized. One structure has been proven by single crystal X-ray crystallography.Mouslim Messali, Mostafa Abboudi, Mohamed R. Aouad, Nadjet Rezki, and Léon E. ChristiaensCopyright © 2011 Mouslim Messali et al. All rights reserved.http://www.hindawi.com/journals/oci/2011/835183/Treatment of a range of benzylic, allylic, and secondary aliphatic alcohols with potassium iodides in the presence of H4SiW12O40 affords the corresponding alkyl iodides in good to excellent yield with straightforward purification at room temperature in CH3CN.Masoud Mokhtary and Faranak NajafizadehCopyright © 2011 Masoud Mokhtary and Faranak Najafizadeh. All rights reserved.http://www.hindawi.com/journals/oci/2011/614627/Synthesis of a new series of heteroaryl sulfones 6(a–f) in which the heteroaryl part is represented by acridine derivatives has been developed and reported here. The key step of this transformation involves the proton-catalyzed rearrangement of the sulphonamide derivatives 5(a–f) to the corresponding sulfones 6(a–f).Anamika Sharma, Sonika Jain, Reenu Sirohi, and D. KishoreCopyright © 2011 Anamika Sharma et al. All rights reserved.http://www.hindawi.com/journals/oci/2011/751894/A new series of 2-{4-[2-(N-methyl-2-pyridylamino)ethoxy]phenyl}-5-substituted 1,3,4-oxadiazoles were synthesized by the oxidative cyclization of hydrazones derived from 4-[2-(methylpyridin-2-ylamino)ethoxy]benzaldehyde and aryl hydrazines using chloramine-T as an efficient catalyst. All steps were assisted by microwave irradiation. Microwave enables all these reactions to be simple, rapid, high yielding, and avoid chromatograph purification and led environmentally benign total synthesis of focused oxadiazole library. All the synthesized compounds were isolated in good yield and characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and elemental analyses. The title compounds represent a novel class of biologically active heterocycles.Santosh L. Gaonkar, Izuru Nagashima, and Hiroki ShimizuCopyright © 2011 Santosh L. Gaonkar et al. All rights reserved.http://www.hindawi.com/journals/oci/2011/295491/The behavior of 2-ethoxy-4-chloroquinazoline 2 towards various nitrogen nucleophiles, namely: thiosemicarbazide, sodium azide, glucosamine, ethanol, and hydrazine hydrate has been discussed. Also, the behavior of 4-(2-ethoxyquinazolin-4-yl)thiosemicarbazide towards one-carbon, for example, ethyl chloroformate, and two-carbon donors, for example, ethyl chloroacetate and diethyl oxalate has been investigated. On the other hand, new 5-ethoxy-2-substituted[1,2,4]-triazolo-[1,5-c]quinazoline derivatives have been obtained by ring closure accompanied with Dimroth rearrangement through the interaction of compound 2 with hydrazides of acetic, benzoic, crotonic, cinnamic, 2-furoic, and phthalimidoacetic acids. Structures of the novel products were confirmed by elemental, IR, MS, and 1H-NMR spectral analyses.M. A. El-Hashash, K. M. Darwish, S. A. Rizk, and F. A. El-BassiounyCopyright © 2011 M. A. El-Hashash et al. All rights reserved.http://www.hindawi.com/journals/oci/2011/497852/Various organic solid acids/NaNO2 were used as effective oxidizing agents for the oxidation of urazoles and bis-urazoles to their corresponding triazolinediones under mild and heterogeneous conditions at room temperature with good-to-excellent yields.Gholamabbas Chehardoli, Mohammad Ali Zolfigol, Mohsen Rasouli, and Shadpour MallakpourCopyright © 2011 Gholamabbas Chehardoli et al. All rights reserved.http://www.hindawi.com/journals/oci/2011/980765/1,4-benzoxathiine moieties can be synthesized by domino SN2 ring opening of epoxide with o-halothiophenols followed by the copper(I)-BINOL catalyzed Ullmann-type coupling cyclization (intramolecular C(aryl)-O bond formation) with moderate to good yields.Chiranjeevi Korupalli, Arpan Dandapat, D. J. C. Prasad, and Govindasamy SekarCopyright © 2011 Chiranjeevi Korupalli et al. All rights reserved.http://www.hindawi.com/journals/oci/2011/394619/Two new effective methodologies have been adopted for the preparation of 4-(2′-bromobenzyloxy)benzopyran-7-ones 3(a–h). In the first methodology, 4-hydroxy[1]benzopyran-2-ones 1(a–d) was alkylated with 2-bromobenzyl bromide 2a or 2-bromo-5-methoxy benzyl bromide 2b under phase transfer catalysis condition using lithium hydroxide/tetrabutyl ammonium bromide in N,N-dimethylformamide at 40–50°C and in the second method the microwave irradiation protocol has been exploited by simply mixing of 4-hydroxy[1]benzopyran-2-ones 1(a–d) with 25% excess of 2-bromobenzyl bromide 2a or 2-bromo-5-methoxy benzyl bromide 2b. A catalytic amount of TBAB and potassium carbonate were added and irradiated in an open Erlenmeyer flask in a microwave oven for 4–10 min. The tributyltin-hydride-mediated radical cyclisation of 3(a–h) was carried out under microwave irradiation to generate 12H-benzopyrano[3,2-c][1]benzopyran-5-ones 4(a–h) in 78–88% yield and in this technique yields were significantly improved and reaction time was shortened compared to the previously reported conventional radical cyclisation method.Pradipta Kumar Basu and Amrita GhoshCopyright © 2011 Pradipta Kumar Basu and Amrita Ghosh. All rights reserved.http://www.hindawi.com/journals/oci/2011/254064/The geometric, electronic structure, effect of the substitution, and structure physical-chemistry relationship for oxazoles derivatives have been studied by ab initio and DFT theory. In the present work, the calculated values, namely, net charges, bond lengths, dipole moments, electron affinities, heats of formation, and QSAR properties are reported and discussed in terms of the reactivity of oxazole derivatives.Salah Belaidi and Malika MellaouiCopyright © 2011 Salah Belaidi and Malika Mellaoui. All rights reserved.http://www.hindawi.com/journals/oci/2011/803120/The chemical reactivity of 2-pyrrolidinones and 3-pyrrolin-2-ones was evaluated in reactions of addition, nucleophilic substitution, elimination, and reduction as well as the protection of the lactamic nitrogen.José C. F. AlvesCopyright © 2011 José C. F. Alves. All rights reserved.http://www.hindawi.com/journals/oci/2011/171374/The recognition of aspartic acid derivatives such as N-benzyloxycarbonyl-D-aspartate (NZDA) with the calix[4]arene derivatives with multiple silicon groups at the upper rim in polar solvents is investigated.Reza Zadmard, Parinaz Ataeian, and Maryam Khalili-FoumeshiCopyright © 2011 Reza Zadmard et al. All rights reserved.http://www.hindawi.com/journals/oci/2011/187372/The composition of the peel essential oil of Torreya grandis fort obtained by cold pressing and steam distillation was determined by GC and GC/MS. 62 constituents accounting for 99.6% of the total pressed oil were identified while 59 compounds accounting for 99.4% of the steam distilled oil were identified. Limonene (35.6–37.1%), α-pinene (20.1–24.1%), and δ-carene (3.3–3.9) were the major constituents. Others include γ-carene (3.8-3.9%), germacrene D (2.5–2.9%), and β-farnesene (2.7-2.8%).Tao Feng, Jian-jie Cui, Zuo-bing Xiao, Huai-xiang Tian, Feng-ping Yi, and Xia MaCopyright © 2011 Tao Feng et al. All rights reserved.http://www.hindawi.com/journals/oci/2011/360810/2-(Arylsulfonyl)indane-1,3-diones, earlier synthesized by Claisen condensation involving diethyl phthalate and aryl methyl sulphones, are found to be potent blood anticoagulants. In search of improved analogs of 2-(arylsulfonyl)indane-1,3-dione, we have synthesized them (7 a-f) by a different route involving Knoevenagel reaction between phthalic anhydride and arylsulfonylacetates in the presence of pyridine-piperidine medium for the first time. The synthesized 2-(arylsulfonyl)indane-1,3-diones were evaluated for antimicrobial and anticoagulant activities and all of them registered significant activity.Malaichamy Jeyachandran and Penugonda RameshCopyright © 2011 Malaichamy Jeyachandran and Penugonda Ramesh. All rights reserved.http://www.hindawi.com/journals/oci/2011/753142/Melamine nitrate (MN) as a novel nitration reagent was easily prepared. Regioselective nitration of phenols to their corresponding o-nitrophenols occurred using MN with p-toluenesulfonic acid as catalyst in good to excellent yields. A distinct advantage of this method is the easy separation of products by simple filtration.Yong-qiang Chen and Hong JiangCopyright © 2011 Yong-qiang Chen and Hong Jiang. All rights reserved.http://www.hindawi.com/journals/oci/2011/752191/The pilot plant study of cleaner production (CP) process of a dyes intermediate, Fast Bordeaux GP Base (2-nitro-p-anisidine), is presented in this work. The existing production process with acetic anhydride as raw material generates highly polluting (high chemical oxygen demand), huge-volume effluent, and thus the treatment is expensive. In the proposed process, raw material acetic anhydride in acetylation step is replaced with acetic acid. The reaction conditions like reaction time (3 h), temperature (120∘C) and molar ratio of p-anisidine and acetic acid (1 : 3.58) are optimized in the laboratory scale and implemented in pilot plant. The extent of conversion has been monitored by nitrite value test, and purity of product mixture is measured with thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The acidic wastewater quantity is dramatically reduced by incorporating recycling in washing scheme, and thus water consumption is reduced. Reduction in wastewater generation and reduction/elimination of treatment cost is also observed. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the effluent stream is reduced by the recovery of by-products sodium acetate and spent acid. The technoeconomical feasibility studies show that the proposed CP options are highly economical and environmental friendly.Mausumi Mukhopadhyay and Rashmita D. PatelCopyright © 2011 Mausumi Mukhopadhyay and Rashmita D. Patel. All rights reserved.http://www.hindawi.com/journals/oci/2011/608165/A low-temperature redetermination by X-ray crystallography of four phenoxyalkanoic acid herbicides, 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA), rac-2-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)propionic acid (MCPP), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), and 2,4-dichlorophenoxybutyric acid (2,4-DB), allowed the supramolecular structures of these compounds to be precisely described in terms of C⋯O/C–H⋯π interactions. The geometric parameters of the redetermined structures agree with those previously reported, but with improved precision.Lesław Sieroń, Joanna Kobyłecka, and Anna TurekCopyright © 2011 Lesław Sieroń et al. All rights reserved.http://www.hindawi.com/journals/oci/2011/170196/The several aspects on the chemistry of eremanthine such as isolation, structural classification, biological activity, synthesis, and chemical transformations in other sesquiterpene lactones are described in this review. The main publications on this sesquiterpenolide, from its isolation of natural sources in 1972 to the current days, are included.José C. F. AlvesCopyright © 2011 José C. F. Alves. All rights reserved.http://www.hindawi.com/journals/oci/2011/514620/Iodine-alumina was employed as a catalyst in the coupling reactions of aldehydes, enolizable ketones, or 1,3-dicarbonyls with methyl carbamate or aromatic amines under microwave irradiation to afford β-amino carbonyl compounds in good-to-excellent yields. The key features of this environmentally friendly methodology are its operational simplicity, mild reaction conditions, and less reaction time.Mantu Rajbangshi, Md. Rumum Rohman, Icydora Kharkongor, Hormi Mecadon, and Bekington MyrbohCopyright © 2011 Mantu Rajbangshi et al. All rights reserved.http://www.hindawi.com/journals/oci/2010/545087/Quantum chemical parameters such as LUMO energy, HOMO energy, ionization energy (I), electron affinity (A), chemical potential (μ), hardness (η) electronegativity (χ), philicity (ωα), and electrophilicity (ω) of a series of aliphatic compounds are calculated at the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level of theory. Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models are developed for predicting the toxicity (pIGC50) of 13 classes of aliphatic compounds, including 171 electron acceptors and 81 electron donors, towards Tetrahymena pyriformis. The multiple linear regression modeling of toxicity of these compounds is performed by using the molecular descriptor log P (1-octanol/water partition coefficient) in conjunction with two other quantum chemical descriptors, electrophilicity (ω) and energy of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (ELUMO). A comparison is made towards the toxicity predicting the ability of electrophilicity (ω) versus ELUMO as a global chemical reactivity descriptor in addition to log P. The former works marginally better in most cases. There is a slight improvement in the quality of regression by changing the unit of IGC50 from mg/L to molarity and by removing the racemates and the diastereoisomers from the data set.Altaf Hussain Pandith, S. Giri, and P. K. ChattarajCopyright © 2010 Altaf Hussain Pandith et al. All rights reserved.http://www.hindawi.com/journals/oci/2010/743186/A new procedure for benzoylation of aromatic and aliphatic amines has been developed in neat phase without use of any solvent or alkali.Somnath Ghosh and Jhantu DasCopyright © 2010 Somnath Ghosh and Jhantu Das. All rights reserved.http://www.hindawi.com/journals/oci/2010/764185/Irradiation of 3-methoxy-3-aryl-3H-1-oxacyclopenta[l]phenanthren-2-one derivatives 5a–d resulted in singlet-mediated decarbonylation reaction leading to the formation of phenanthrene derivatives 9a–d. The structure of the photoproduct was unequivocally established on the basis of X-ray crystallographic analysis.Roshini K. Thumpakara, Binoy Jose, Perupparampil A. Unnikrishnan, Sreedharan Prathapan, and Nigam P. RathCopyright © 2010 Roshini K. Thumpakara et al. All rights reserved.http://www.hindawi.com/journals/oci/2010/621967/The volatile oils of R. canina flowers were isolated by hydrodistillation (HD) and traditional dry distillation (DD) and analyzed by HRGC-FID and GC-MS. Compared to HD, DD at 50°C leads to the isolation of high quality oil which contains the highest content of oxygenated compounds (83%). The main components are the 2-phenethyl alcohol and eugenol. The percentage of the 2-phenethyl alcohol, a highly desirable component in rose oil, was significantly higher (58.4%) in DD extract when compared to that of HD one (13.6%). As temperature increased (100°C) during DD, the oil quality decreased. The most significant changes were observed in 2-phenethyl alcohol percentage (4.5%). Moreover, an increase of alkanes/alkenes and the production of furan derivatives were observed. So, DD at moderate temperature (50°C) seemed more suitable to improve the volatile oil quality and hence, to make more value of R. canina.Karim Hosni, Amel Kerkenni, Wafa Medfei, Nadia Ben Brahim, and Houcine SebeiCopyright © 2010 Karim Hosni et al. All rights reserved.http://www.hindawi.com/journals/oci/2011/325291/RuIII-catalyzed regio- and diastereoselective direct aldol reaction of progesterone with aromatic aldehydes has been developed in good yields (58–78%). Advantages of this method include catalytic efficiency, short reaction times, and ease of operation and workup.Khalil Tabatabaeian, Elahe Keshavarz, Manouchehr Mamaghani, and Nosrat O. MahmoodiCopyright © 2011 Khalil Tabatabaeian et al. All rights reserved.http://www.hindawi.com/journals/oci/2010/648589/Synthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial activity of tridentate Schiffbase ligands containing pyrazolone moiety (3a and 3b) and their transition metal complexes of VO(II), Cu(II), Fe(III), and Co(II) 4a–h have been investigated. The complexes show enhanced antibacterial activity against S. aureus, E. coli, and S. typhi and antifungal activity against C. albicans, Rhizopus sp., and A. niger compared to the ligands.Ramasamy Jayarajan, Gnanasambandam Vasuki, and Pillutla Sambasiva RaoCopyright © 2010 Ramasamy Jayarajan et al. All rights reserved.http://www.hindawi.com/journals/oci/2010/603436/The sesquiterpene lactones guaia-1(10),11(13)-dieno-4α-hydroxy,9α-acetyl-15-iodine-12,6α-lactone (2), guaia-1(10),4(15),11(13)-trieno-9α-hydroxy-12,6α-lactone (3), (11S)-guaia-4(15),10(14)-dieno-9α-hydroxy-13-methoxy-12,6α-lactone (4), (11S)-guai-1(10)-eno-4α,9α-dihydroxy-13-methoxy-12,6α-lactone (5), and guaia-1(10),11(13)-dieno-4α,9α-dihydroxy-15-iodine-12,6α-lactone (6) were previously obtained starting from the natural product eremanthine (1). In this paper we report the catalytic hydrogenation reactions of allylic derivatives 2–5 and the methanol addition to α-methylene-γ-lactone of the iodohydrin 6.José C. F. AlvesCopyright © 2010 José C. F. Alves. All rights reserved.http://www.hindawi.com/journals/oci/2010/396020/2-Aroyl-3,3-bis(alkylsulfanyl)acrylaldehydes reacted with various primary amines, namely, o-phenylenediamine, ethylenediamine, and anilines to produce functionalized oxoketene-N,S-acetals and N,N-acetals in good yields. Imidazolo derivatives synthesized with o-phenylenediamine and ethylenediamine containing a formyl group could act as valuable starting materials for a variety of substituted heterocyclic compounds.Annie Mathews, E. R. Anabha, and C. G. ShollyCopyright © 2010 Annie Mathews et al. All rights reserved.http://www.hindawi.com/journals/oci/2010/130506/In solvolysis studies using Grunwald-Winstein plots, dispersions were observed for substrates with aromatic rings at the α-carbon. Several examples for the unimolecular solvolysis of monoaryl benzylic derivatives and related diaryl- or naphthyl-substituted derivatives have now been reported, where the application of the aromatic ring parameter (I) removes this dispersion. A recent claim suggesting the presence of an appreciable nucleophilic component to the I scale has now been shown, in a review of the solvolysis of highly-hindered alkyl halides, to be unlikely to be correct. Attention is now focused on the application of the hI term for the solvolysis of compounds containing a double bond in the vicinity of any developing carbocation. Available specific rates of solvolysis (plus some new values) at 25°C of cinnamyl chloride, cinnamyl bromide, cinnamoyl chloride, p-chlorocinnamoyl chloride, and p-nitrocinnamoyl chloride are analyzed using the simple and extended (including the hI term) Grunwald-Winstein equations.Malcolm J. D'Souza, Anthony M. Darrington, and Dennis N. KevillCopyright © 2010 Malcolm J. D'Souza et al. All rights reserved.http://www.hindawi.com/journals/oci/2010/564256/The structure of Poly[(acetone-O)-3-((3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl)methyl)-(2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-olate)sodium] was determined by X-ray crystallography. The compound crystallizes in an orthorhombic system and was characterized thus P 21 21 21, a=9.967(2) Å, b=11.473(3) Å, c=22.176(5) Å. Z=4, V=2535.9(10) Å3. The crystal structure was solved by direct methods and refined by full-matrix least-squares on F2 to final values of R1=0.0601 and wR2=0.1515.Anita Penkova, Pascal Retailleau, and Ilia ManolovCopyright © 2010 Anita Penkova et al. All rights reserved.http://www.hindawi.com/journals/oci/2010/496818/The analgesic drug nefopam reacts in superacidic media to form a dicationic superelectrophiles by ring opening. The dication species is capable of reacting with arenes in Friedel-Crafts-type conversions. This chemistry is used to prepare novel derivatives of nefopam.Larecia Knoecer, Daniel DeSchepper, and Douglas A. KlumppCopyright © 2010 Larecia Knoecer et al. All rights reserved.