Primary cilia are present in vivo and in vitro. Primary cilia are present in all vestibular organs or tissues with vestibules (canals) that support perfusion of bodily fluid. Shown here are representative images demonstrating the presence of primary cilia in endothelial cells. (a) Scanning electron micrograph shows the presence of primary cilia in the lumen of mouse femoral artery. (b) Immunofluorescence image verify the presence of cilia in the mouse femoral endothelia. (c) When these endothelial cells were isolated, the cells retained their cilia in culture, as depicted in the image. Blue denotes cell nuclei; green represents acetylated-α-tubulin used as a cilia marker; red indicates actin cytoskeleton.
