Effect of Red Clover Isoflavones over Skin, Appendages, and Mucosal Status in Postmenopausal Women
Table 2
Subjective symptom or condition improvement after treatment as assessed with the VAS.
Studied parameters
Group A
Group B
After RCE
After placebo
After placebo
After RCE
Scalp hair (better texture, less fragility, and overall condition)
7.3 ± 16.6† 0, 0]
4.2 ± 13.9 0, 0]
0.2 ± 0.9 0, 0]
6.3 ± 13.9* 0, 0]
Body hair (less growth)
6.4 ± 16.5 0, 0]
2.6 ± 10.9* 0, 0]
1.0 ± 3.4 0, 0]
2.2 ± 6.2 0, 0]
Skin condition (better texture, more moisture, and better overall condition)
18.6 ± 20.5† 15, 32]
6.2 ± 16.2* 0, 0]
5.0 ± 11.0 0, 5]
17.7 ± 21.2*† 5, 35.0]
Ocular complaint (dryness and burning)
7.8 ± 18.0† 0, 7]
5.3 ± 15.1 0, 0]
2.2 ± 9.5 0, 0]
6.0 ± 13.7 0, 1.3]
Oral mucosa complaint (dryness and burning)
3.9 ± 14.0 0, 0]
3.3 ± 13.0 0, 0]
1.8 ± 5.2 0, 0]
2.8 ± 9.7 0, 0]
Nasal mucosa complaint (dryness and fissuring)
4.2 ± 15.3 0, 0]
2.6 ± 9.1 0, 0]
1.6 ± 5.3 0, 0]
6.2 ± 16.1* 0, 1.3]
Nails condition (change in thickness and stability)
5.6 ± 16.2 0, 0]
6.2 ± 16.7 0, 0]
3.3 ± 10.0 0, 1.3]
10.8 ± 19.3* 0, 11.3]
Digestive complaints (diarrhea and constipation)
6.0 ± 16.1† 0, 0]
14.4 ± 19.4* 0, 32.0]
19.5 ± 26.0 6, 31.3]
11.9 ± 26.4* 0, 10.8]
Libido
18.0 ± 16.7† 17, 30]
4.9 ± 14.3* 0, 0]
5.0 ± 12.4 0, 1.3]
17.8 ± 20.9*† 10, 30]
Urinary complaint (incontinence and dysuria)
5.2 ± 18.1 0, 0]
5.4 ± 17.3 0, 0]
3.0 ± 13.7 0, 0]
4.7 ± 15.0 0, 0]
Mood complaint
68.5 ± 33.6† 80, 48]
15.0 ± 25.2* 0, 25.3]
7.7 ± 19.2 0, 0.8]
65.8 ± 37.8*† 78.5, 70.5]
Sleeping complaint
73.5 ± 33.4† 90, 45]
16.2 ± 25.7* 0, 25]
9.8 ± 23.0 0, 7]
70.6 ± 3.5*† 81.5, 62.2]
Tiredness
61.7 ± 45.8† 96, 100]
16.1 ± 24.5* 0, 26.3]
8.3 ± 22.7 0, 0]
56.1 ± 47.7*† 92.0, 100]
Overall satisfaction with treatment
87.3 ± 26.6† 100, 12.5]
29.8 ± 31.4* 30, 50]
14.7 ± 26.8 0, 19]
81.7 ± 26.8*† 100, 43.7]
Values are expressed as percent improvement and presented as mean ± standard deviations [median, interquartile range]; * when comparing phases in same group using Wilcoxon rank test; † as compared to placebo phase of the contrary group using the Mann-Whitney test.