Clinical Study

Effect of Red Clover Isoflavones over Skin, Appendages, and Mucosal Status in Postmenopausal Women

Table 2

Subjective symptom or condition improvement after treatment as assessed with the VAS.

Studied parametersGroup AGroup B
After RCEAfter placeboAfter placeboAfter RCE

Scalp hair (better texture, less fragility, and overall condition)7.3 ± 16.6
0, 0]
4.2 ± 13.9
0, 0]
0.2 ± 0.9
0, 0]
6.3 ± 13.9*
0, 0]

Body hair (less growth)6.4 ± 16.5
0, 0]
2.6 ± 10.9*
0, 0]
1.0 ± 3.4
0, 0]
2.2 ± 6.2
0, 0]

Skin condition (better texture, more moisture, and better overall condition)18.6 ± 20.5
15, 32]
6.2 ± 16.2*
0, 0]
5.0 ± 11.0
0, 5]
17.7 ± 21.2*†
5, 35.0]

Ocular complaint (dryness and burning)7.8 ± 18.0
0, 7]
5.3 ± 15.1
0, 0]
2.2 ± 9.5
0, 0]
6.0 ± 13.7
0, 1.3]

Oral mucosa complaint (dryness and burning)3.9 ± 14.0
0, 0]
3.3 ± 13.0
0, 0]
1.8 ± 5.2
0, 0]
2.8 ± 9.7
0, 0]

Nasal mucosa complaint (dryness and fissuring)4.2 ± 15.3
0, 0]
2.6 ± 9.1
0, 0]
1.6 ± 5.3
0, 0]
6.2 ± 16.1*
0, 1.3]

Nails condition (change in thickness and stability)5.6 ± 16.2
0, 0]
6.2 ± 16.7
0, 0]
3.3 ± 10.0
0, 1.3]
10.8 ± 19.3*
0, 11.3]

Digestive complaints (diarrhea and constipation)6.0 ± 16.1
0, 0]
14.4 ± 19.4*
0, 32.0]
19.5 ± 26.0
6, 31.3]
11.9 ± 26.4*
0, 10.8]

Libido18.0 ± 16.7
17, 30]
4.9 ± 14.3*
0, 0]
5.0 ± 12.4
0, 1.3]
17.8 ± 20.9*†
10, 30]

Urinary complaint (incontinence and dysuria)5.2 ± 18.1
0, 0]
5.4 ± 17.3
0, 0]
3.0 ± 13.7
0, 0]
4.7 ± 15.0
0, 0]

Mood complaint68.5 ± 33.6
80, 48]
15.0 ± 25.2*
0, 25.3]
7.7 ± 19.2
0, 0.8]
65.8 ± 37.8*†
78.5, 70.5]

Sleeping complaint73.5 ± 33.4
90, 45]
16.2 ± 25.7*
0, 25]
9.8 ± 23.0
0, 7]
70.6 ± 3.5*†
81.5, 62.2]

Tiredness61.7 ± 45.8
96, 100]
16.1 ± 24.5*
0, 26.3]
8.3 ± 22.7
0, 0]
56.1 ± 47.7*†
92.0, 100]

Overall satisfaction with treatment87.3 ± 26.6
100, 12.5]
29.8 ± 31.4*
30, 50]
14.7 ± 26.8
0, 19]
81.7 ± 26.8*†
100, 43.7]

Values are expressed as percent improvement and presented as mean ± standard deviations [median, interquartile range]; * when comparing phases in same group using Wilcoxon rank test; as compared to placebo phase of the contrary group using the Mann-Whitney test.