The Problem of Confounding in Studies of the Effect of Maternal Drug Use on Pregnancy Outcome

Table 8

Association between maternal use of SSRI drug in early pregnancy and occurrence of cardiovascular defects in the infant [21]. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) adjusted for year of birth, maternal age, parity, smoking, and BMI. The cardiovascular defect rates in the four SSRI groups differ significantly: 𝜒²_(3𝑑.𝑓)=12.5, 𝑃<0.01.

SSI drug	Number of cardiovascular defects	OR	95% CI
Fluoxetine	21	1.31	0.85–1.02
Citalopram	37	0.86	0.62–1.20
Paroxetine	24	1.66	1.09–2.53
Sertraline	26	0.74	0.50–1.09