About this Journal Submit a Manuscript Table of Contents 
Obstetrics and Gynecology International
Volume 2012 (2012), Article ID 593413, 6 pages
doi:10.1155/2012/593413
Research Article

Mothering Here and Mothering There: International Migration and Postbirth Mental Health

Stephanie S. Bouris,1 Lisa A. Merry,1 Amy Kebe,2 and Anita J. Gagnon3,4

1Ingram School of Nursing, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2A7, Canada
2Université Sainte-Anne, Pointe-de-l'Église, NS, BOW 1M0, Canada
3Women’s Health Mission, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, H3H 2R9, Canada
4Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and the Ingram School of Nurisng, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2A7, Canada

Received 27 July 2012; Revised 11 October 2012; Accepted 15 October 2012

Academic Editor: Adrienne Einarson

Copyright © 2012 Stephanie S. Bouris et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Linked References

  1. United Nations-Department of Economic and Social Affairs, International Migration 2009. United Nations, United States of America, 2009.
  2. Citizenship Immigration Canada-Research and Evaluation Branch, Immigration Overview—Permanent and Temporary Residents, Minister of Public Works and Government Services, Ottawa, Canada, 2010.
  3. Statistics Canada, “Canada's demographic situation: fertility of immigrant women,” The Daily, 2003.
  4. B. D. Gushulak and D. W. MacPherson, Migration Medicine and Health. Principles and Practice, B. C. Decker, Hamilton, Canada, 2006.
  5. Canadian Council For Refugees, Wish you were here: Campaign for speedy family reunification, 2010.
  6. P. Hondagneu-Sotelo and E. Avila, “I'm here, but i'm there: the meanings of latina transnational motherhood,” Gender and Society, vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 548–571, 1997. View at Scopus
  7. C. Rousseau, A. Mekki-Berrada, and S. Moreau, “Trauma and extended separation from family among Latin American and African refugees in Montreal,” Psychiatry, vol. 64, no. 1, pp. 40–59, 2001. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  8. D. E. Stewart, A. Gagnon, J. F. Saucier, O. Wahoush, and G. Dougherty, “Postpartum depression symptoms in newcomers,” Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, vol. 53, no. 2, pp. 121–124, 2008. View at Scopus
  9. V. L. Nahas and S. Hillege, “Postpartum depression: the lived experiences of middle eastern migrant women in Australia,” Journal of Nurse-Midwifery, vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 65–74, 1999. View at Scopus
  10. O. M. Espin, “Psychological impact of migration on Latinas,” Psychology of Women Quarterly, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 489–503, 1987.
  11. R. S. Parreñas, “Mothering from a distance: emotions, gender, and intergenerational relations in Filipino transnational families,” Feminist Studies, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 361–390, 2001. View at Scopus
  12. J. Miranda, J. Siddique, C. Der-Martirosian, and T. R. Belin, “Depression among Latina immigrant mothers separated from their children,” Psychiatric Services, vol. 56, no. 6, pp. 717–720, 2005. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  13. P. Zelkowitz, J. F. Saucier, T. Wang, L. Katofsky, M. Valenzuela, and R. Westreich, “Stability and change in depressive symptoms from pregnancy to two months postpartum in childbearing immigrant women,” Archives of Women's Mental Health, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 1–11, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  14. A. Ahmed, D. E. Stewart, L. Teng, O. Wahoush, and A. J. Gagnon, “Experiences of immigrant new mothers with symptoms of depression,” Archives of Women's Mental Health, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 295–303, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  15. A. J. Gagnon, “Responsiveness of the Canadian Health Care System Towards Newcomers. Romanow Report,” in Shape the Future of Health Care, R. J. Romanow, Ed., Commission on the Future of Health Care in Canada, 2002.
  16. A. J. Gagnon, O. Wahoush, G. Dougherty et al., “The childbearing health and related service needs of newcomers (CHARSNN) study protocol,” BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, vol. 6, article 31, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  17. A. Fresnoza-Flot, “Migration status and transnational mothering: the case of Filipino migrants in France,” Global Networks, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 252–270, 2009. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  18. L. Merry, A. Gagnon, I. Hemlin, H. Clarke, and J. Hickey, “Cross-border movement and women's health: how to capture the data,” International Journal for Equity in Health, vol. 10, no. 56, pp. 1–15, 2011.
  19. J. L. Cox, J. M. Holden, and R. Sagovsky, “Detection of postnatal depression: development of the 10-item Edinburgh postnatal depression scale,” British Journal of Psychiatry, vol. 150, pp. 782–786, 1987. View at Scopus
  20. R. F. Mollica, Y. Caspi-Yavin, P. Bollini, T. Truong, S. Tor, and J. Lavelle, “The Harvard trauma questionnaire: validating a cross-cultural instrument for measuring torture, trauma, and posttraumatic stress disorder in Indochinese refugees,” Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, vol. 180, no. 2, pp. 111–116, 1992. View at Scopus
  21. R. F. Mollica, G. Wyshak, and D. De Marneffe, “Indochinese versions of the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25: a screening instrument for the psychiatric care of refugees,” American Journal of Psychiatry, vol. 144, no. 4, pp. 497–500, 1987. View at Scopus
  22. R. F. Mollica, I. K. Lyoo, M. C. Chernoff et al., “Brain structural abnormalities and mental health sequelae in south Vietnamese ex-political detainees who survived traumatic head injury and torture,” Archives of General Psychiatry, vol. 66, no. 11, pp. 1221–1232, 2009. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  23. A. J. Gagnon, J. Tuck, and L. Barkun, “A systematic review of questionnaires measuring the health of resettling refugee women,” Health Care for Women International, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 111–149, 2004. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  24. L. R. Derogatis, R. S. Lipman, and K. Rickels, “The Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL): a self report symptom inventory,” Behavioral Science, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 1–15, 1974. View at Scopus
  25. B. Parker, J. McFarlane, K. Soeken, S. Torres, and D. Campbell, “Physical and emotional abuse in pregnancy: a comparison of adult and teenage women,” Nursing Research, vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 173–178, 1993. View at Scopus
  26. P. A. Brandt and C. Weinert, “The PRQ—a social support measure,” Nursing Research, vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 277–280, 1981. View at Scopus
  27. L. Ruppenthal, J. Tuck, and A. J. Gagnon, “Enhancing research with migrant women through focus groups,” Western Journal of Nursing Research, vol. 27, no. 6, pp. 735–754, 2005. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  28. Health Canada, Income-Related Household Food Security in Canada, 2004.
  29. N. Muhajarine and C. D'Arcy, “Physical abuse during pregnancy: prevalence and risk factors,” Canadian Medical Association Journal, vol. 160, no. 7, pp. 1007–1011, 1999. View at Scopus
  30. D. F. Stewart and A. Cecutti, “Physical abuse in pregnancy,” Canadian Medical Association Journal, vol. 149, no. 9, pp. 1257–1263, 1993. View at Scopus
  31. M. W. O'Hara and A. M. Swain, “Rates and risk of postpartum depression—a meta-analysis,” International Review of Psychiatry, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 37–54, 1996. View at Scopus