The Applicability of Behaviour Change in Intervention Programmes Targeted at Ending Female Genital Mutilation in the EU: Integrating Social Cognitive and Community Level Approaches

Table 1

Stages of community readiness model (adapted from Edwards et al. [55]).

Stage	Description
No awareness	(i) Community members not conscious of the problem.; (ii) Accepting of the issue as part of the way things are.
Denial	(i) Some awareness amongst some community members.; (ii) No motivation to act or belief that anything can be done.
Vague awareness	(i) Some community members communicate in general terms about problem.; (ii) Poor understanding and no motivation change things.
Preplanning	(i) Clear recognition of the problem.; (ii) Community leaders are motivated to take action.; (iii) No clear understanding about what action to take.
Preparation	(i) Planning begins to take on focus and detail.; (ii) Data may be formally collected to use in planning.; (iii) Decisions are made about what needs to be done.; (iv) Resources are gathered and put to use.; (v) Some community support.
Initiation	(i) Activity or action may have started but is perceived as novel.; (ii) Leaders enthusiastic.; (iii) Community support.
Stabilisation	(i) General support remains.; (ii) Some prevalence tracking going on, supported by an organised and experienced administration.; (iii) Ongoing evaluation of efforts likely and low motivation for change or progression.
Confirmation/expansion	(i) Support has grown, and authorities and policy-makers are likely to be on board.; (ii) Some evaluation is likely to have happened.; (iii) New efforts initiated with plans to reach new and difficult to access groups.
Professionalization	(i) Knowledge and understanding of problem is sophisticated.; (ii) Administration is highly skilled.; (iii) Community involvement is high, and ongoing evaluation and adaptation are typical.