HIV and Menopause: A Systematic Review of the Effects of HIV Infection on Age at Menopause and the Effects of Menopause on Response to Antiretroviral Therapy

Table 3

Supplemental list of studies evaluating response to ART in HIV-infected persons (men and women), through 2012.

Authors; (year)	Study design; (followup)	Age groups; (years)	Number of patients	Number of; women	CD4 cell counts in persons after initiating ART			HIV viral loads in persons after ART
					Measure	Results	𝑃 value	Measure	Results	𝑃 value
Manfredi and Chiodo (2000) [39]	Case-control; (1 year)	≤35; ≥55	84; 21	29 (34.5%); 8 (38.1%)	Patients with CD4 increase ≤20 cells/mm^3 or ≤10% from baseline (12-month followup)	4 (4.8%); 5 (23.8%)	0.02	Decrease in mean viral load (copies/mL)	31,225 (98.7%); 49,325 (98.4%)	NS
					Increase in mean CD4 from baseline (% of increase) (12-month followup)	114 (49.4%); 77 (36.3%)	0.0001	Patients achieving <50	62 (73.8%); 15 (71.4%)	NS
Knobel et al. (2001) [40]	Cohort; (2 years)	≤40; ≥60	671; 28	219 (32.6%); 9 (32.1%)	Increase in mean CD4 from baseline (24-month followup)	196 (SD 100); 228 (SD 145)	NS	Patients achieving <50	342 (50.9%); 19 (66.7%)	NS
COHERE Study, Sabin (2008) [41]	Cohort; (5 years)	30–39; 55–59; ≥60; All ages	22,410; 1,656; 1,613; 49,921	6239 (27.8%); 303 (18.3%); 320 (19.8%)	HR of immunological response (defined as CD4 increase of >100 cells/𝜇L)	REF; 0.97 (0.92–1.03); 0.93 (0.87–0.98)	0.31; <0.001	HR of virological response (defined as HIV RNA <50 copies/mL)	REF; 1.24 (1.17–1.32); 1.18 (1.12–1.26)	<0.001; <0.001
Althoff et al. (2010) [42]	Cohort; (2 years)	18–29; 30–39; ≥60; All ages	1,342; 3,930; 598; 12,196	320 (24.8%); 767 (19.5%); 50 (8.4%)	HR of CD4 increase of at least 100 cells/mm^3 within 2 years of ART initiation	REF; 0.71 (0.89–1.05); 1.05 (0.92–1.20)	NR	HR of achieving <500 copies/mL within 2 years of ART initiation	REF; 0.92 (0.85–1.00); 0.74 (0.65–0.85)	NR

ART: antiretroviral treatment, HR: hazard ratio, NR: not reported, NS: not significant, REF: referent, yrs: years.