Authors (year)
Study design (followup)
Age groups (years)
Number of patients
Number of women CD4 cell counts in persons after initiating ART HIV viral loads in persons after ART Measure Results
valueMeasure Results
valueManfredi and Chiodo (2000) [39 ] Case-control (1 year) ≤35 ≥55 84 21 29 (34.5%) 8 (38.1%) Patients with CD4 increase ≤20 cells/mm3 or ≤10% from baseline (12-month followup)
4 (4.8%) 5 (23.8%) 0.02 Decrease in mean viral load (copies/mL) 31,225 (98.7%) 49,325 (98.4%) NS Increase in mean CD4 from baseline (% of increase) (12-month followup) 114 (49.4%) 77 (36.3%) 0.0001 Patients achieving <50 62 (73.8%) 15 (71.4%) NS Knobel et al. (2001) [40 ] Cohort (2 years) ≤40 ≥60 671 28 219 (32.6%) 9 (32.1%) Increase in mean CD4 from baseline (24-month followup) 196 (SD 100) 228 (SD 145) NS Patients achieving <50 342 (50.9%) 19 (66.7%) NS COHERE Study, Sabin (2008) [41 ] Cohort (5 years) 30–39 55–59 ≥60 All ages 22,410 1,656 1,613 49,921 6239 (27.8%) 303 (18.3%) 320 (19.8%) HR of immunological response (defined as CD4 increase of >100 cells/
L) REF 0.97 (0.92–1.03) 0.93 (0.87–0.98) 0.31 <0.001 HR of virological response (defined as HIV RNA <50 copies/mL) REF 1.24 (1.17–1.32) 1.18 (1.12–1.26) <0.001 <0.001 Althoff et al. (2010) [42 ] Cohort (2 years) 18–29 30–39 ≥60 All ages 1,342 3,930 598 12,196 320 (24.8%) 767 (19.5%) 50 (8.4%) HR of CD4 increase of at least 100 cells/mm3 within 2 years of ART initiation REF 0.71 (0.89–1.05) 1.05 (0.92–1.20) NR HR of achieving <500 copies/mL within 2 years of ART initiation REF 0.92 (0.85–1.00) 0.74 (0.65–0.85) NR