Pathological Vaginal Discharge among Pregnant Women: Pattern of Occurrence and Association in a Population-Based Survey

Table 2

Crude and adjusted analysis of factors associated with the prevalence of pathological vaginal discharge during pregnancy. Rio Grande, Brazil, 2010 (𝑁=2,395).

Level	Variable	Vaginal discharge (%)	Crude analysis		Adjusted analysis
			Prevalence ratio; (95% CI)	𝑃 value	Prevalence ratio; (95% CI)	𝑃 value
I	Age (years)			<0.001		<0.001*
	Up to 19	49.9	1.08 (0.96; 1.20)		1.05 (0.94; 1.18)
	20–29	46.3	1.00		1.00
	30 or more	32.1	0.70 (0.61; 0.78)		0.72 (0.63; 0.82)
	Skin color			0.44		0.44
	White	42.5	1.00		1.00
	Mixed	45.2	1.06 (0.95; 1.19)		1.02 (0.91; 1.14)
	Black	40.8	0.96 (0.82; 1.13)		0.91 (0.77; 1.07)
	Living with a partner			0.01		0.11
	No	48.8	1.18 (1.05; 1.31)		1.10 (0.98; 1.23)
	Yes	41.7	1.00		1.00
	Education (years of schooling)			0.17		0.78
	0–4	40.3	1.09 (0.86; 1.38)		0.93 (0.72; 1.19)
	5–8	44.8	1.21 (1.01; 1.44)		0.97 (0.80; 1.18)
	9–11	43.1	1.16 (0.97; 1.38)		1.01 (0.85; 1.22)
	12 or more	37.1	1.00		1.00
	Household asset index (tertiles)			<0.001		0.004
	Poorest	48.8	1.28 (1.14; 1.44)		1.22 (1.07; 1.39)
	Intermediate	41.9	1.10 (0.98; 1.24)		1.05 (0.92; 1.19)
	Richest	38.0	1.00		1.00
II	Smoking in the six months prior to pregnancy			0.48		0.80
	No	42.5	1.00		1.00
	Yes	44.1	1.04 (0.94; 1.15)		0.99 (0.89; 1.10)
	Parity			0.01		0.02
	0	45.4	1.22 (1.07; 1.40)		1.20 (1.02; 1.40)
	1	38.4	1.03 (0.86; 1.23)		1.02 (0.85; 1.22)
	2	45.6	1.22 (1.05; 1.42)		1.22 (1.05; 1.42)
	3 and more	37.2	1.00		1.00
	Abortion			0.22		0.01
	No	42.4	1.00		1.00
	Yes	45.9	1.08 (0.95; 1.23)		1.20 (1.05; 1.38)
	Planned pregnancy			0.08		0.28
	Yes	40.1	1.00		1.00
	More or less	41.7	1.04 (0.87; 1.25)		1.01 (0.85; 1.21)
	No	44.8	1.12 (1.01; 1.24)		1.09 (0.98; 1.21)
	Oral contraceptives			0.74		0.41
	No	43.7	1.00		1.00
	Yes	42.7	0.98 (0.86; 1.11)		1.06 (0.93; 1.21)
III	At least 6 prenatal visits			0.46		0.61
	No	44.9	1.04 (0.93; 1.17)		0.97 (0.86; 1.09)
	Yes	43.0	1.00		1.00
	Vaginal discharge in a previous pregnancy			<0.001		<0.001
	No	40.1	1.00		1.00
	Yes	84.5	2.45 (2.20; 2.73)		2.26 (2.02; 2.54)
	High blood pressure			0.61		0.37
	No	42.6	1.00		1.00
	Yes	43.9	1.03 (0.92; 1.16)		1.05 (0.94; 1.18)
	Diabetes			0.66		0.39
	No	42.8	1.00		1.00
	Yes	45.3	1.06 (0.82; 1.36)		1.11 (0.87; 1.42)
	Depression			<0.001		<0.001
	No	41.4	1.00		1.00
	Yes	55.5	1.34 (1.19; 1.52)		1.36 (1.20; 1.54)
	Anemia			<0.001		<0.001
	No	38.3	1.00		1.00
	Yes	49.3	1.29 (1.17; 1.41)		1.26 (1.15; 1.38)
	Threatened abortion			0.13		0.10
	No	42.5	1.00		1.00
	Yes	48.6	1.14 (0.96; 1.36)		1.16 (0.97; 1.38)
	Threatened premature labor			0.002		<0.001
	No	42.0	1.00		1.00
	Yes	52.1	1.24 (1.08; 1.42)		1.27 (1.11; 1.45)
	Urinary infection			<0.001		<0.001
	No	35.4	1.00		1.00
	Yes	54.2	1.53 (1.40; 1.68)		1.49 (1.36; 1.63)
	Hospitalization			<0.001		0.001
	No	41.7	1.00		1.00
	Yes	52.9	1.27 (1.12; 1.44)		1.24 (1.10; 1.41)

∗Adjustment for maternal age, marital status, socioeconomic condition, parity and previous abortion.