Research Article
Pathological Vaginal Discharge among Pregnant Women: Pattern of Occurrence and Association in a Population-Based Survey
Table 2
Crude and adjusted analysis of factors associated with the prevalence of pathological vaginal discharge during pregnancy. Rio Grande, Brazil, 2010 (
).
|
Level |
Variable |
Vaginal discharge (%) | Crude analysis | Adjusted analysis | Prevalence ratio (95% CI) | value | Prevalence ratio (95% CI) | value |
| I | Age (years) | | | <0.001 | | <0.001* | Up to 19 | 49.9 | 1.08 (0.96; 1.20) | | 1.05 (0.94; 1.18) | | 20–29 | 46.3 | 1.00 | | 1.00 | | 30 or more | 32.1 | 0.70 (0.61; 0.78) | | 0.72 (0.63; 0.82) | | Skin color | | | 0.44 | | 0.44 | White | 42.5 | 1.00 | | 1.00 | | Mixed | 45.2 | 1.06 (0.95; 1.19) | | 1.02 (0.91; 1.14) | | Black | 40.8 | 0.96 (0.82; 1.13) | | 0.91 (0.77; 1.07) | | Living with a partner | | | 0.01 | | 0.11 | No | 48.8 | 1.18 (1.05; 1.31) | | 1.10 (0.98; 1.23) | | Yes | 41.7 | 1.00 | | 1.00 | | Education (years of schooling) | | | 0.17 | | 0.78 | 0–4 | 40.3 | 1.09 (0.86; 1.38) | | 0.93 (0.72; 1.19) | | 5–8 | 44.8 | 1.21 (1.01; 1.44) | | 0.97 (0.80; 1.18) | | 9–11 | 43.1 | 1.16 (0.97; 1.38) | | 1.01 (0.85; 1.22) | | 12 or more | 37.1 | 1.00 | | 1.00 | | Household asset index (tertiles) | | | <0.001 | | 0.004 | Poorest | 48.8 | 1.28 (1.14; 1.44) | | 1.22 (1.07; 1.39) | | Intermediate | 41.9 | 1.10 (0.98; 1.24) | | 1.05 (0.92; 1.19) | | Richest | 38.0 | 1.00 | | 1.00 | |
| II | Smoking in the six months prior to pregnancy | | | 0.48 | | 0.80 | No | 42.5 | 1.00 | | 1.00 | | Yes | 44.1 | 1.04 (0.94; 1.15) | | 0.99 (0.89; 1.10) | | Parity | | | 0.01 | | 0.02 | 0 | 45.4 | 1.22 (1.07; 1.40) | | 1.20 (1.02; 1.40) | | 1 | 38.4 | 1.03 (0.86; 1.23) | | 1.02 (0.85; 1.22) | | 2 | 45.6 | 1.22 (1.05; 1.42) | | 1.22 (1.05; 1.42) | | 3 and more | 37.2 | 1.00 | | 1.00 | | Abortion | | | 0.22 | | 0.01 | No | 42.4 | 1.00 | | 1.00 | | Yes | 45.9 | 1.08 (0.95; 1.23) | | 1.20 (1.05; 1.38) | | Planned pregnancy | | | 0.08 | | 0.28 | Yes | 40.1 | 1.00 | | 1.00 | | More or less | 41.7 | 1.04 (0.87; 1.25) | | 1.01 (0.85; 1.21) | | No | 44.8 | 1.12 (1.01; 1.24) | | 1.09 (0.98; 1.21) | | Oral contraceptives | | | 0.74 | | 0.41 | No | 43.7 | 1.00 | | 1.00 | | Yes | 42.7 | 0.98 (0.86; 1.11) | | 1.06 (0.93; 1.21) | |
| III | At least 6 prenatal visits | | | 0.46 | | 0.61 | No | 44.9 | 1.04 (0.93; 1.17) | | 0.97 (0.86; 1.09) | | Yes | 43.0 | 1.00 | | 1.00 | | Vaginal discharge in a previous pregnancy | | | <0.001 | | <0.001 | No | 40.1 | 1.00 | | 1.00 | | Yes | 84.5 | 2.45 (2.20; 2.73) | | 2.26 (2.02; 2.54) | | High blood pressure | | | 0.61 | | 0.37 | No | 42.6 | 1.00 | | 1.00 | | Yes | 43.9 | 1.03 (0.92; 1.16) | | 1.05 (0.94; 1.18) | | Diabetes | | | 0.66 | | 0.39 | No | 42.8 | 1.00 | | 1.00 | | Yes | 45.3 | 1.06 (0.82; 1.36) | | 1.11 (0.87; 1.42) | | Depression | | | <0.001 | | <0.001 | No | 41.4 | 1.00 | | 1.00 | | Yes | 55.5 | 1.34 (1.19; 1.52) | | 1.36 (1.20; 1.54) | | Anemia | | | <0.001 | | <0.001 | No | 38.3 | 1.00 | | 1.00 | | Yes | 49.3 | 1.29 (1.17; 1.41) | | 1.26 (1.15; 1.38) | | Threatened abortion | | | 0.13 | | 0.10 | No | 42.5 | 1.00 | | 1.00 | | Yes | 48.6 | 1.14 (0.96; 1.36) | | 1.16 (0.97; 1.38) | | Threatened premature labor | | | 0.002 | | <0.001 | No | 42.0 | 1.00 | | 1.00 | | Yes | 52.1 | 1.24 (1.08; 1.42) | | 1.27 (1.11; 1.45) | | Urinary infection | | | <0.001 | | <0.001 | No | 35.4 | 1.00 | | 1.00 | | Yes | 54.2 | 1.53 (1.40; 1.68) | | 1.49 (1.36; 1.63) | | Hospitalization | | | <0.001 | | 0.001 | No | 41.7 | 1.00 | | 1.00 | | Yes | 52.9 | 1.27 (1.12; 1.44) | | 1.24 (1.10; 1.41) | |
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Adjustment for maternal age, marital status, socioeconomic condition, parity and previous abortion.
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