Role of Oxidative Stress in Transformation Induced by Metal Mixture

Figure 2

Effects of the metal mixture through initiation phase of transformation process, oxidative damage markers. Balb/c 3T3 cells were exposed to an initiator stimuli, metal mixture (2 𝜇M NaAsO₂, 2 𝜇M CdCl₂, and 5 𝜇M Pb(C₂H₃O₂)₂·3H₂O) or MNNG (positive initiator), on day 1. Samplings were on days 1, after 4 hours of initiator exposure, and on days 4 and 7 before changing medium. Data represent the mean of 3 individual experiments performed by triplicate. We evaluated the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) using dihydrorhodamine-123 oxidation. Lipid peroxidation (LPx) was assessed using the thiobarbituric acid method, and genotoxicity was determined using the alkaline comet assay. ANOVA and Student’s t-test; *𝑃<0.05 versus control bars.