Research Article

Honey Supplementation in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats Elicits Antihypertensive Effect via Amelioration of Renal Oxidative Stress

Table 1

The activities of antioxidant enzymes and markers of oxidative stress in kidney of WKY control, honey-treated WKY, SHR control, and honey-treated SHR.

WKY controlWKY honeySHR controlSHR honey

SOD (U/mg protein)     0.079 ± 0.004      0.071 ± 0.008       0.084 ± 0.006        0.082 ± 0.008
GPx (U/mg protein)  365.2 ± 10.8    356.9 ± 10.0 361.9 ± 6.7     366.0 ± 19.0
GR (U/mg protein)172.2 ± 4.9 172.9 ± 2.4 177.8 ± 5.5 174.2 ± 8.2
GSH (nmol/mg protein)      0.192 ± 0.020     0.204 ± 0.01       0.219 ± 0.019       0.239 ± 0.033
GSSG (nmol/mg protein)      0.056 ± 0.006        0.064 ± 0.007       0.065 ± 0.006        0.065 ± 0.007
GSH/GSSG      3.46 ± 0.50        3.33 ± 0.31       3.44 ± 0.30        3.53 ± 0.61

Each group consisted of six to seven rats. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. SOD: superoxide dismutase; GPx: glutathione peroxidase; GR: glutathione reductase; GSH: reduced glutathione; GSSG: oxidized glutathione. One unit of SOD is defined as the amount of enzyme required to exhibit 50% dismutation of superoxide radical. One unit of GPx/GR is defined as the amount of enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of 1 nmol of NADPH per minute.