Insulin Resistance, Ceramide Accumulation, and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Human Chronic Alcohol-Related Liver Disease
Table 2
Effects of chronic ethanol exposure on proinflammatory cytokine levels in liver tissue.
Control
Ethanol
value
Protein
LIF
58.19 ± 3.02
51.27 ± 3.06
IL-10
18.20 ± 1.19
13.95 ± 0.97
0.008
MCP-1 (CCL2)
1793.48 ± 559.87
1123.61 ± 496.75
0.001
HGF
1305.97 ± 299.12
3887.81 ± 691.31
0.0001
SCF
30.14 ± 3.14
28.14 ± 1.29
SDF (CXCL12)
79.25 ± 11.76
29.75 ± 2.76
<0.0001
VEGF
195.74 ± 12.52
120.72 ± 9.74
0.0003
PDGF
111.52 ± 9.94
59.73 ± 4.69
0.0002
IL-16
2769.95 ± 244.39
3058.46 ± 219.60
GM-CSF
39.05 ± 1.29
33.54 ± 2.83
β-FGF
948.78 ± 81.77
546.07 ± 46.79
0.0005
IP-10
734.19 ± 479.61
398.13 ± 96.21
MIP-1
2279.33 ± 791.99
1177.78 ± 142.71
IL-18
365.60 ± 48.50
672.60 ± 218.45
β-NGF
41.76 ± 4.26
48.60 ± 8.14
IL-8
806.30 ± 321.41
929.34 ± 185.10
IFN-γ
6.66 ± 0.37
6.93 ± 0.55
IL-1β
123.40 ± 44.97
34.23 ± 7.75
0.028
IL-6
316.64 ± 108.93
126.60 ± 91.79
0.009
TNF-α
12.95 ± 1.03
15.93 ± 2.72
TRAIL
61.14 ± 13.65
25.67 ± 2.84
0.01
mRNA
IL-1β
0.0254 ± 0.0098
0.0341 ± 0.0112
ns
IL-6
0.0670 ± 0.027
0.2727 ± 0.1033
0.0376
TNF-α
0.0253 ± 0.005
0.04072 ± 0.010
ns
Liver protein homogenates were used to measure immunoreactivity of the indicated cytokines by multiplex ELISA. Immunoreactivity was normalized to protein concentration and data are expressed as mean ± SEM of fluorescence light units (arbitrary). mRNA was used to measure gene expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 via qRT-PCR. Results were normalized to ribosomal 18S levels measured in the same samples. Intergroup comparisons were made using -test and significant values are indicated in the right columns.
