Biomarkers of Antioxidant Status, Inflammation, and Cartilage Metabolism Are Affected by Acute Intense Exercise but Not Superoxide Dismutase Supplementation in Horses
Figure 2
(A, B). Exercise trial: (A) synovial fluid concentrations of chondroitin sulfate-846 epitope (CS-846; A) before exercise (PRE), 30 min, 2 h, and 24 h following exercise (POST). Open bars represent carpus samples, hashed bars represent hock samples, grey bars represent TRT groups, and white bars represent CON groups. Data are presented as mean SE. (B) Relative synovial fluid concentrations of PGE2 30 min, 2 h, and 24 h following exercise (POST) compared to samples collected 24 h prior to exercise (PRE). Squares indicate TRT group, circles indicate CON group, solid shapes indicate hock samples, and open shapes indicate carpus samples. Data were adjusted by subtracting PRE values from each sample time, and are presented as mean relative change from PRE SE. Different superscripts denote relative increases from PRE values. Means without a common superscript differ () between sample times; *infers significant differences () and †infers a trend towards significant differences () between joint spaces within a sample time. Greater increases () in PGE2 in hock joints compared to carpus joints were detected.
