Biomarkers of Antioxidant Status, Inflammation, and Cartilage Metabolism Are Affected by Acute Intense Exercise but Not Superoxide Dismutase Supplementation in Horses

Table 1

Preliminary trial. synovial fluid concentrations of chondroitin sulfate-846 (CS) and prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) during 4 repeated arthrocentesis procedures in a 48 h time frame at the following intervals: initial joint tap (𝑇₁), 24 h following 𝑇₁ (𝑇₂), 26 h after 𝑇₁ (𝑇₃), and 48 h following 𝑇₁ (𝑇₄), in carpus joints. Data are presented as mean ± SE. Means without a common superscript differ (𝑃<0.05).

Variable	𝑇1	𝑇2	𝑇3	𝑇4
CS, ng mL^−1	5214.7±717.5^a	5842.9±784.9^ab	5225.1±679.3^a	6643.5±1247^b
PGE2, pg mL^−1	802.8±249.2	1119.2±279.1	579.2±171.7	1188.9±245.6