Biomarkers of Antioxidant Status, Inflammation, and Cartilage Metabolism Are Affected by Acute Intense Exercise but Not Superoxide Dismutase Supplementation in Horses

Table 4

Exercise trial: correlations of indices of performance^a, muscle membrane integrity^b, antioxidant status^c, inflammation^d for hematocrit (Hct), plasma total protein (TP), plasma lactate (LA), serum creatine kinase (CK), erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GPx), erythrocyte total glutathione (GSH), plasma total nitrite (NO), interferon gamma (IFNγ), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) transcripts. Associations were detected between each biomarker heading, and those indices within their respective columns.

Hct^a	TP^a	LA^a	CK^bc	GPx^c	GSH-T^c	NO^cd	IFNγ ^d	IL-1β ^d	IL-10^d	TNFα ^d	IL-6^d
TP	LA	Hct	Hct	TP	Hct	TP	Hct	IL-6	Hct	Hct	IL-1β
𝑟=0.40	𝑟=0.24	𝑟=0.61	𝑟=0.48	𝑟=−0.38	𝑟=0.29	𝑟=0.22	𝑟=0.50	𝑟=0.25	𝑟=0.37	𝑟=0.37	𝑟=0.25
𝑃<0.0001	𝑃=0.02	𝑃<0.0001	𝑃<0.0001	𝑃=0.0002	𝑃=0.004	𝑃=0.03	𝑃<0.0001	𝑃=0.02	𝑃=0.0002	𝑃=0.0002	𝑃=0.02
LA	GPx	TP	LA	NO	TP	GPx	TP	TNFα	LA	LA	TNFα
𝑟=0.61	𝑟=−0.38	𝑟=0.24	𝑟=0.39	𝑟=−0.22	𝑟=0.29	𝑟=−0.22	𝑟=0.23	𝑟=0.33	𝑟=0.37	𝑟=0.29	𝑟=0.59
𝑃<0.0001	𝑃=0.0002	𝑃=0.02	𝑃<0.0001	𝑃=0.04	𝑃=0.004	𝑃=0.04	𝑃=0.03	𝑃=0.001	𝑃=0.0002	𝑃=0.004	𝑃<0.0001
CK	GSH-T	CK	GSH-T	GSH-T	CK	IFNγ	LA		CK	CK
𝑟=0.48	𝑟=0.29	𝑟=0.39	𝑟=0.28	𝑟=0.21	𝑟=0.28	𝑟=0.31	𝑟=0.50		𝑟=0.33	𝑟=0.28
𝑃<0.0001	𝑃=0.004	𝑃<0.0001	𝑃=0.006	𝑃=0.04	𝑃=0.006	𝑃=0.003	𝑃<0.0001		𝑃=0.001	𝑃=0.005
GSH-T	IFNγ	IFNγ	IFNγ		GPx	TNFα	CK		IFNγ	NO
𝑟=0.29	𝑟=0.23	𝑟=0.50	𝑟=0.31		𝑟=0.21	𝑟=0.20	𝑟=0.31		𝑟=0.58	𝑟=0.20
𝑃=0.004	𝑃=0.03	𝑃<0.001	𝑃=0.003		𝑃=0.04	𝑃=0.05	𝑃=0.003		𝑃<0.0001	𝑃=0.05
IFNγ		IL-10	IL-10				NO		TNFα	IFNγ
𝑟=0.50		𝑟=0.37	𝑟=0.33				𝑟=0.31		𝑟=0.57	𝑟=0.57
𝑃<0.0001		𝑃=0.0002	𝑃=0.001				𝑃=0.003		𝑃<0.0001	𝑃<0.0001
IL-10		TNFα	TNFα				IL-10			IL-1β
𝑟=0.37		𝑟=0.29	𝑟=0.28				𝑟=0.58			𝑟=0.33
𝑃=0.0002		𝑃=0.004	𝑃=0.005				𝑃<0.0001			𝑃=0.001
TNFα							TNFα			IL-10
𝑟=0.37							𝑟=0.57			𝑟=0.57
𝑃=0.0002							𝑃<0.0001			𝑃<0.0001
										IL-6
										𝑟=0.59
										𝑃<0.0001