|
| Treatment | Mechanism | Results versus injury | Reference |
|
| Transplanted endotelial progenitor cells | N/A
| ▼ Apoptosis
Prevents histopathological damage | [48] |
Pretreatment w/ginkgo biloba (EGb 761)
| Extract of dried leaves | Prevents histopathological damage
▼ Apoptosis, eNOS mark
▲ Mean seminiferous tubule diameter | [49] |
Pretreatment w/sildenafil citrate (0.7 mg/kg)
| Phosphodiesterase
type 5 inhibitor | ▼ MDA levels and eosinophil counts
Prevents histopathological damage
▲ GSH, PON1, NO, and blood lymphocyte counts in plasma | [50] |
| Pretreatment w/sildenafil citrate (1.4 mg/kg) | Phosphodiesterase
type 5 inhibitor | ▼ MDA levels
▲ PON1, vitamin E, β-carotene in plasma, and GSH levels | [50] |
| Pretreatment w/melanocortin 4 activator | Melanocortin analog | ▼ IL-6 and TNF-α, Bax
▲ Bcl-2 expression, Johnsen's spermatogenesis score | [51] |
| Rutin | Antioxidant | ▼ MDA levels
▲ SOD and CAT activities, Johnsen's spermatogenesis score | [52] |
| Gradual detorsion | N/A | ▲ SOD and GPx activities | [53] |
| Molsidomine | Nitric oxide donor | ▼ MDA levels and Cosentino's score
▲ Sonic hedgehog and HIF1-α expression | [54] |
| Cyclosporine and FK-506 | Immunophilin ligands | ▼ MDA levels, apoptosis
▲ CAT, SOD, and Gpx activities | [55] |
| Pretreatment w/trapidil | Vasodilator | Prevent histopathological damage | [56] |
| Hemin | Iron-containing porphyrin | ▼ NF- kappaB and ERK levels
▲ heme oxygenase-1 | [57] |
| Pretreatment w/ethyl pyruvate | Antioxidant,
anti-inflammatory | ▼ MDA, myeloperoxidase levels and apoptotic index
▲ CAT, GSH, Gpx, SOD activities and sperm count and motility | [58] |
| Pretreatment w/losartan, lisinopril | Angiotensin II receptor antagonist, ACE inhibitor | Prevents histopathological damage in contralateral testis | [59] |
|
