Senescence-Related Changes in Gene Expression of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Octo/Nonagenarians Compared to Their Offspring

Table 2

A list of statistically significant categories in octo/nonagenarians based on gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) sorted according to the normalized enrichment score (NES).

Biological process (GSEA)	Normalized enrichment score (NES)^a	Median change	𝑃 value^b
Inflammatory response	2.07	1.01	0.00𝐸+00
Immune response	1.93	1.02	0.00𝐸+00
Insulin action	1.57	1.02	0.00𝐸+00
Regulation of lipid metabolic process	1.50	1.02	3.80𝐸−02
Cholesterol biosynthetic process	1.46	1.04	2.10𝐸−02
Induction of apoptosis	1.42	1.02	0.00𝐸+00
Cellular metabolic process	1.41	1.02	3.80𝐸−02
Antiapoptosis	1.31	1.01	3.40𝐸−02
Cell cycle regulation	1.30	1.01	0.00𝐸+00
Cell proliferation	1.28	1.00	0.00𝐸+00
Cell growth	−1.42	−1.03	2.40𝐸−02
Response to stress	−1.46	−1.01	0.00𝐸+00
Response to DNA damage stimulus	−1.49	−1.08	3.80𝐸−02
Chromatin modification	−1.52	−1.02	0.00𝐸+00
Positive regulation of cell proliferation	−1.63	1.01	0.00𝐸+00
Phospholipid biosynthetic process	−1.56	−1.04	0.00𝐸+00
Positive regulation of inflammatory response	−1.75	−1.03	0.00𝐸+00

aPositive NES indicates an upregulation in octo/nonagenarians, whereas negative NES reflects an upregulation in offspring samples.
^b𝑃 value estimates the statistical significance of the enrichment score for a single gene set using Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistical test.