Mitochondrial Signaling: Forwards, Backwards, and In Between
Figure 3
Hypothetical model of the C. elegans pathway. Protein conformational stress in the mitochondrial matrix triggers CLPP-1 proteolysis of an unknown substrate, producing a stress signal (blue line). The stress signal is conveyed to the cytoplasm and induces nuclear translocation and complex formation of UBL-5 and DVE-1, as well as binding of DVE-1 to the promoter of the chaperone target gene, HSP-60. This stress-signaling pathway results in the induction of mitochondrial chaperone genes, HSP-60 and HSP-6. ubl-5 expression is also upregulated, which in turn amplifies the signal (green-dotted line). HSP-60 and HSP-6 are imported into the mitochondria, where they help to restore protein homeostasis by refolding rogue proteins. Adapted with permission from [51].
