Clinical Study
Analysis of Serum and Urinal Copper and Zinc in Chinese Northeast Population with the Prediabetes or Diabetes with and without Complications
Table 2
Baseline characteristics of T2D subjects.
| | | T2D Con () | DN () | | DR () | | DPN () | |
| | Age (years) | 46.0 (39.0–60.0) | 60.0 (46.8–65.0) | 0.007* | 59.5 (46.8–67.3) | 0.003* | 55.5 (46.8–62.3) | 0.007* | | Sex, male (%) | 22 (75.9) | 19 (79.2) | 0.775 | 15 (44.1) | 0.011* | 29 (58.0) | 0.110 | | BMI (kg/m2) | 25.4 (23.0–27.3) | 27.1 (24.9–30.4) | 0.026* | 24.8 (22.4–27.4) | 0.539 | 25.1 (23.0–26.5) | 0.618 | | Hypertension (%) | 0 | 21 (87.5) | 0.001* | 17 (50.0) | 0.001* | 20 (40.0) | 0.001* | | Dyslipidemia (%) | 20 (69.0) | 11 (45.8) | 0.089 | 16 (47.1) | 0.080 | 27 (54.0) | 0.192 | | Glu (mmol/L) | 9.8 (8.3–12.8) | 8.2 (7.5–9.5) | 0.248 | 9.2 (7.7–11.4) | 0.182 | 8.8 (7.6–11.1) | 0.413 | | HbA1c (%) | 8.5 (7.7–8.9) | 8.5 (8.0–8.8) | 0.380 | 8.6 (8.0–8.9) | 0.849 | 8.2 (7.2–8.8) | 0.421 | | RBC (1012) | 5.1 (4.6–5.4) | 4.8 (4.0–5.1) | 0.224 | 4.6 (4.2–4.9) | 0.395 | 4.7 (4.3–4.9) | 0.027* | | Hb (g/L) | 154.0 (137.0–161.5) | 144 (129.8–159.5) | 0.076 | 138.0 (125.8–151.0) | 0.760 | 140.0 (128.5–150.0) | 0.067 | | BUN (mmol/L) | 5.6 (4.7–6.5) | 17.5 (13.2–19.1) | 0.001* | 5.9 (5.2–7.4) | 0.430 | 5.9 (4.2–6.9) | 0.525 | | Cre (μmol/L) | 70.2 (58.6–85.6) | 287.0 (233.9–386.3) | 0.001* | 79.0 (65.0–107.0) | 0.095 | 71.0 (61.4–87.6) | 0.824 | | eGFR (mL/min) | 102.8 (87.4–166.2) | 25.7 (16.8–34.9) | 0.001* | 85.5 (58.2–120.0) | 0.182 | 98.0 (72.8–112.6) | 0.530 | | Cu (mg/L) | 1.00 (0.94–1.15) | 1.26 (1.07–1.42) | 0.015* | 1.05 (0.92–1.48) | 0.717 | 1.08 (0.92–1.38) | 0.298 | | UCu (μg/L) | 29.0 (24.5–36.5) | 37.0 (28.3–49.0) | 0.947 | 28.5 (26.8–36.0) | 0.274 | 32.0 (22.8–43.0) | 0.815 | | Zn (mg/L) | 0.73 (0.55–0.79) | 0.59 (0.48–0.76) | 0.157 | 0.58 (0.46–0.63) | 0.002* | 0.63 (0.59–0.75) | 0.080 | | UZn (mg/L) | 0.47 (0.28–0.53) | 0.44 (0.30–0.52) | 0.685 | 0.45 (0.25–0.52) | 0.824 | 0.52 (0.44–0.63) | 0.001* | | Zn/Cu | 0.66 (0.55–0.76) | 0.50 (0.36–0.56) | 0.006* | 0.48 (0.40–0.64) | 0.012* | 0.58 (0.46–0.68) | 0.111 | | CHO (mmol/L) | 5.0 (4.4–5.5) | 5.7 (4.6–6.5) | 0.858 | 4.9 (4.5–6.3) | 0.379 | 4.9 (4.3–6.0) | 0.961 | | TG (mmol/L) | 1.7 (1.1–2.5) | 2.0 (1.2–3.3) | 0.457 | 1.4 (1.1–2.8) | 0.734 | 1.3 (1.0–2.6) | 0.726 | | HDL (mmol/L) | 1.2 (0.9–1.9) | 1.1 (1.0–1.5) | 0.014* | 1.2 (1.1–1.6) | 0.616 | 1.1 (1.1–1.4) | 0.700 | | LDL (mmol/L) | 3.3 (2.4–3.7) | 3.5 (2.9–4.1) | 0.919 | 3.4 (2.7–3.8) | 0.335 | 3.3 (2.6–3.9) | 0.703 |
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Data presentation and abbreviations spelt out forms are the same as the description for Table 1. * versus T2D control group.
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