Signaling Mechanisms and Disrupted Cytoskeleton in the Diphenyl Ditelluride Neurotoxicity
Figure 5
Schematic representation of the proposed mechanism of action of (PhTe)2 on the IF-associated phosphorylating system of hippocampus neural cells of young rats in vitro. (PhTe)2 acts through mGluR, NMDA, and VDCC channel, increasing intracellular Ca+2 levels. The second messenger directly activates PKCaMII and PKC and indirectly activates ERK1/2 and p38MAPK. Taken together, these actions change the phosphorylation status of IF proteins in vitro. mGluR, glutamatergic metabotropic receptor; NMDA, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor; VDCC, voltage-dependent calcium channel; PKC, protein kinase C; PKA, ERK, extracellular-signal-regulated kinase, PKaMII, Ca+2/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. Orange-red circles represent Ca+2.
