Ubiquinol Improves Symptoms in Children with Autism

Figure 1

Proposed novel Coenzyme Q binding site in Voltage Dependent Anion Channel of outer mitochondrial membrane. CoQ—Coenzyme Q; VDAC—Voltage Dependent Anion Channel; ATP—adenosine triphosphate; ADP—adenosine diphosphate; Pi—inorganic phosphate; I, II, III, IV, and V—respiratory chain complexes; H⁺—proton; e^-—electron; Q-cycle—Coenzyme Q cycle; cyt c—cytochrome c; NADH—reduced nicotinadenindinucleotid; NAD⁺—nicotinadenindinucleotid; FADH₂—reduced flavinadenindinucleotid; FAD—flavinadenindinucleotid; O₂^•−—superoxide radical; H₂O₂—hydrogen peroxide; OH^•—hydroxyl radical; H₂O—water; O₂—oxygen.