Sulforaphane Protects against Cardiovascular Disease via Nrf2 Activation
Table 1
Summary of in vivo and in vitro studies of sulforaphane- (SFN-) mediated protection against cardiovascular disease (CVD).
CVD
Model
SFN dose
Biomarker modulation
Reference
Hypertension
Female SHRsp rats on the Grn+ and Grn diets (1st generation), and the offspring (2nd generation)
0.9 mg SFN in 200 mg air-dried broccoli sprouts
Female SHRsp on a Grn+ diet had decreased hypertension. Their offspring had lower blood pressure in adulthood, regardless of diet, and the best health outcomes
Mouse VSMCs incubated with TNF- (10 ng/mL) for 4 and 8 h
Pretreatment with 5, 15, and 25 M for 2 h
SFN dose-dependently inhibited TNF--induced protein expression of VCAM-1 and intracellular ROS, which may have beneficial effects on inflammation within the atherosclerotic lesion
Ischemia in isolated perfused Langendorff Sprague-Dawley rat hearts
0.5 mg/kg daily i.p. pretreatment for 3 days before ischemia
SFN significantly improved coronary flow and reduced I/R-induced increases in LDH level and infarct size, showing that SFN protected against I/R injury
Eight-week-old mice received STZ (50 mg/kg) i.p. for 5 consecutive days
Pretreatment with 12.5 mg/kg i.p. three times a week for 16 weeks
SFN significantly attenuated common metabolic disorder symptoms, improved renal performance, and minimized pathological alterations in the glomerulus of STZ-Nrf2+/+ mice
Administration of 0.5 and 1 mg/kg six weeks after diabetes
SFN reduced NF-B expression and IB kinase phosphorylation, along with abrogation of inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2 expression, and TNF- and IL-6 levels
Mice were injected with 50 mg/kg STZ i.p. daily for 5 days
0.5 mg/kg subcutaneous injection daily for 3 months after STZ-induced diabetes
Diabetes induced significant increases in oxidative stress and inflammation in the aorta at both 3 and 6 months, and fibrotic response at 6 months. SFN completely prevented these pathogenic changes
Mice were injected with 50 mg/kg STZ i.p. daily for 5 days
0.5 mg/kg subcutaneous injection daily for 3 months after STZ-induced diabetes
SFN significantly reduced hypertension and cardiac dysfunction at both 3 and 6 months and also prevented cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. SFN also almost completely prevented cardiac oxidative damage and inflammation