Electron Transport Disturbances and Neurodegeneration: From Albert Szent-Györgyi’s Concept (Szeged) till Novel Approaches to Boost Mitochondrial Bioenergetics

Figure 1

The PGC-1α cascade. Transcriptional upregulation or posttranslational activation of PGC-1α due to fasting, physical exercise, cold exposure, or pharmacological manipulations leads to the transcriptional activation of several nuclear-encoded proteins involved in mitochondrial functioning at multiple levels, including mitochondrial biogenesis, adaptive metabolism, antioxidant responses, and proper ETC assembly/import.