The Role of Oxygen Sensors, Hydroxylases, and HIF in Cardiac Function and Disease

Table 1

List of enzymes, functions, and related chemicals.

Name	Function
Ascorbate	Also known as vitamin C, typically functions as an enhancer of 2-OG dioxygenases, though its role in vivo is complex
Cobalt chloride	A chemical inducer of hypoxia-like responses in vivo
Desferroxamine	An iron chelator that inhibits PHD activity
Dimethyloxalylglycine	Broad inhibitor of PHD activity
Dioxygenase	Enzyme that catalyzes two oxygen atoms onto a substrate without the reduction of one oxygen atom from dioxygen into a water molecule, often by using iron as a cofactor in the reaction
Hydroxylase	Enzyme that confers a hydroxyl group (–OH) onto a substrate organic compound
Monooxygenase	Enzyme that catalyzes one oxygen atom onto a substrate, using coenzymes that use NADPH or FADH2 to reduce the second oxygen atom from molecular oxygen to water
Oxidase	Enzyme that typically uses a metal or flavin coenzyme to catalyze the oxidation of a substrate without incorporating oxygen into the main product, instead using oxygen as the electron acceptor
Oxygenase	Enzyme that incorporates oxygen molecules into the substrate
Prostaglandins	Lipid compounds that are catalyzed by COX from fatty acids and arachidonic acid
Prostanoids	A class of hormone-like signaling molecules derived from fatty acids, including the prostaglandins and thromboxanes
Superoxide dismutase	Enzyme that protects cells against harmful effects caused by superoxide anion and other free radical ROS
Thromboxanes	Lipid compounds that are catalyzed by COX from fatty acids and arachidonic acid