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Abbreviation | Name | Function |
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2-OG | 2-oxoglutarate | An oxo dicarboxylate obtained by deprotonation of both carboxy groups of 2-oxoglutaric acid |
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ANGII | Angiotensin II | A hormone that causes vasoconstriction and a subsequent increase in blood pressure |
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ASB4 | Ankyrin repeat and SOCS box containing 4 | An E3 ligase hydroxylated by FIH |
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CaMKK | Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase | A protein plays a role in the calcium/calmodulin-dependent (CaM) kinase cascade by phosphorylating the downstream kinases CaMK1 and CaMK4 |
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COX | Cyclooxygenase | An enzyme responsible for the formation of prostanoids |
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cyclicAMP | Cyclic adenosine monophosphate | A derivative of ATP that acts as signaling molecule in many biologic processes |
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EPO | Erythropoietin | A downstream gene transcribed by HIF, which increases erythropoiesis |
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FADH | Flavin adenine dinucleotide | A redox cofactor involved in several important metabolic reactions |
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FIH | Factor inhibiting HIF | A key regulator mediating the cellular response to hypoxia through HIF inhibition |
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H2O2 | Hydrogen peroxide | A product of superoxide formation involved in damaging cellular effects |
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HIF | Hypoxia inducible factor | Transcription factors that respond to decreasing oxygen concentrations |
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IKKβ | Inhibitor of κB kinase β | A protein that leads to the dissociation of the inhibitor/NF-κB complex and ultimately the degradation of the inhibitor |
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IPC | Ischemic preconditioning | The protection conferred to ischemic myocardium by preceding brief periods of sublethal ischemia |
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IκB | Inhibitor of kappa B | Inhibits the signaling of NF-κB by masking its nuclear localization signal |
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LDL | Low density lipoprotein | A class of lipoproteins that confer fat to arterial wall and increase risk of cardiovascular disease |
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MPO | Myeloperoxidase | A lysosomal protein that converts hypochlorous acid from hydrogen peroxide |
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NF-κB | Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells | A transcription factor that is involved in the immune and inflammatory response |
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NO | Nitric oxide | A free radical intermediary molecule involved in ischemia |
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NSAIDs | Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs | A group of drugs that inhibit COX activity for analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects |
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| Superoxide anion | A highly reactive ROS molecule |
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PHD | Prolyl hydroxylase domain | A group of proteins that hydroxylate proline residues on substrate proteins |
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PKM2 | Pyruvate kinase M2 | A coactivator of HIF that is itself hydroxylated by PHD3 |
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ROS | Reactive oxygen species | A class of reactive molecules generated by metabolism that have wide ranging biological functions |
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SWOP | Second window of protection | A form of delayed ischemic preconditioning that happens 24 hours after initial IPC |
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TGFβ | Transforming growth factor beta | A secreted protein involved in a wide array of biological functions, notably in cell differentiation and proliferation |
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VHL | von Hippel-Lindau | A tumor suppressor E3 ligase that targets HIF for proteasomal degradation |
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β-AR | β-adrenergic receptor | A group of G-protein coupled receptors that mediate cAMP concentrations and cardiomyocyte contractility |
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