Effects of Polyphenols from Grape Seeds on Renal Lithiasis

Table 1

Kidney content of calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus.

Pretreatment	EG treatment	Calcium	Magnesium	Phosphorus
		(mg/g)	(mg/g)	(mg/g)
CTR		0.280 ± 0.005	0.302 ± 0.006	10.6 ± 0.2
EPI		0.284 ± 0.030	0.296 ± 0.014	10.2 ± 0.4
RGS		0.255 ± 0.008^a	0.288 ± 0.004	10.1 ± 0.1
WGS		0.261 ± 0.012	0.295 ± 0.004	10.3 ± 0.2
CTR	EG	3.951 ± 0.934^*	0.297 ± 0.011	10.4 ± 0.1
EPI	EG	2.274 ± 0.447	0.302 ± 0.010	9.9 ± 0.4
RGS	EG	1.734 ± 0.564	0.311 ± 0.005^*	10.5 ± 0.1
WGS	EG	1.979 ± 0.196	0.293 ± 0.010	9.9 ± 0.3

Values represent mean ± SEM of eight animals per group. (CTR): control with no pretreatment, (EPI): epicatechin pretreatment, (RGS): red grape seed extract pretreatment, (WGS): white grape seed extract pretreatment, and (EG): ethylene glycol/NH₄Cl treatment.
^*Values significantly different to the respective pretreated groups, P < 0.05; ^avalues significantly different to CTR, P < 0.05.