Research Article
Effects of Polyphenols from Grape Seeds on Renal Lithiasis
Table 2
Histology data from renal papillary tissue (n = 3).
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(CTR): control with no pretreatment, (EPI): epicatechin pretreatment, (RGS): red grape seed extract pretreatment, (WGS): white grape seed extract pretreatment, and (EG): ethylene glycol/NH4Cl treatment. 0 = no crystallization; + = mild crystallization; ++ = moderate crystallization; and +++ = severe crystallization. |